Platt J J, Siegel J M
J Psychol. 1976 Nov;94(2d Half):245-51. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1976.9915844.
In an attempt to delineate more precisely the relationship between problem-solving cognition in the social sphere and psychopathology, male (N = 83) and female (N = 107) psychiatric patients were divided into groups of good and poor problem-solvers on the Means-Ends Problem-Solving (MEPS) Procedure and contrasted on MMPI scales and indices of psychopathology. Poor problem-solvers among males, but not among females, were found to be (a) more clearly schizophrenic and socially inadequate, with significantly higher scores on the Pd, Sc, and Si scales; (b) more clearly psychotic on the Goldberg Index; and (c) more likely to have elevated F scale raw scores. The present findings explicate those of earlier studies in suggesting that male patients higher in social problem-solving ability are not only likely to be more socially competent, but also are more likely to be less severely impaired in terms of psychopathology. A possible explanation for the sex difference is that problem-solving cognition and psychopathology are not so directly related in females as in males.
为了更精确地描绘社会领域中解决问题的认知与精神病理学之间的关系，将男性（N = 83）和女性（N = 107）精神病患者根据手段 - 目的问题解决（MEPS）程序分为解决问题能力强和弱的两组，并在明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）量表和精神病理学指标上进行对比。结果发现，男性中解决问题能力弱的患者，但女性中不存在这种情况，表现为：（a）精神分裂症特征更明显且社交能力不足，在Pd、Sc和Si量表上得分显著更高；（b）在戈德堡指数上精神病特征更明显；（c）F量表原始得分升高的可能性更大。目前的研究结果进一步阐明了早期研究的结果，表明社会问题解决能力较高的男性患者不仅可能社交能力更强，而且在精神病理学方面受损程度也可能较轻。这种性别差异的一个可能解释是，解决问题的认知与精神病理学在女性中不像在男性中那样直接相关。
