Stangler-Zuschrott E
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1976 Jun;168(6):775-83.
Based on 15 case reports it can be shown, that the onset of a convergent squint is even possible in the age of presbyopia, independent of the patient's refraction. The clinical picture resembles that of a divergence paralysis or the convergent strabismus of the Bielschowsky type. In 13 cases the decompensation of a previous esophoria may have caused this distance-esodeviation; a divergence paralysis is not probable. In two cases change of orthophoria to esotropia could be observed. Therefore we share the opinion of v. Graefe, that an increased tonicity of the internal recti induced for compensation of weak convergence in aged individuals may cause esotropia. Treatment with prisms for distant vision is easy and effective. No case required surgery.
基于15例病例报告可以表明，在老花眼年龄阶段甚至有可能出现内斜视，这与患者的屈光状态无关。临床表现类似于外展麻痹或比氏型内斜视。在13例病例中，先前隐斜视的失代偿可能导致了这种远距离内斜视；不太可能是外展麻痹。在两例病例中，可观察到正视转变为内斜视。因此，我们认同v. 格雷费的观点，即老年人为代偿弱集合而引起的内直肌张力增加可能导致内斜视。使用棱镜治疗远距离视力简便有效。无一例需要手术。
