Schlenk D
Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Program, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford 38677, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;121(1-3):185-95. doi: 10.1016/s0742-8413(98)10060-9.
Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) have been identified in various organisms from bacteria to humans. However, because of the importance of these enzymes in the biotransformation of xenobiotics, the majority of studies have focused almost entirely upon the mammalian forms of the enzyme. Consequently, this review is an attempt to document the occurrence of FMO expression (mRNA, proteins, activities) in non-mammalian species in an attempt to provide insight about its putative physiological and toxicological roles. Activity indicative of FMO has been observed in numerous invertebrate species but corresponding proteins or transcripts have not been identified. There is a significant gap of information pertaining to insects, echinoderms, avian, reptilian and amphibian species. Significant homology of structure and function is observed in lower vertebrates. Evidence is provided primarily from studies with piscine forms of the enzyme suggesting a possible osmoregulatory role of FMOs, especially in euryhaline species of fish.
含黄素单加氧酶（FMOs）已在从细菌到人类的各种生物体中被鉴定出来。然而，由于这些酶在异源生物转化中的重要性，大多数研究几乎完全集中在该酶的哺乳动物形式上。因此，本综述试图记录FMO在非哺乳动物物种中的表达情况（mRNA、蛋白质、活性），以期深入了解其假定的生理和毒理学作用。在许多无脊椎动物物种中已观察到指示FMO的活性，但尚未鉴定出相应的蛋白质或转录本。在昆虫、棘皮动物、鸟类、爬行动物和两栖动物物种方面存在重大信息缺口。在低等脊椎动物中观察到结构和功能的显著同源性。证据主要来自对鱼类形式的该酶的研究，表明FMOs可能具有渗透调节作用，特别是在广盐性鱼类物种中。
