McAdams S, Beauchamp J W, Meneguzzi S
Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale (CNRS), Université René Descartes, EPHE, Paris, France.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1999 Feb;105(2 Pt 1):882-97. doi: 10.1121/1.426277.
The perceptual salience of several outstanding features of quasiharmonic, time-variant spectra was investigated in musical instrument sounds. Spectral analyses of sounds from seven musical instruments (clarinet, flute, oboe, trumpet, violin, harpsichord, and marimba) produced time-varying harmonic amplitude and frequency data. Six basic data simplifications and five combinations of them were applied to the reference tones: amplitude-variation smoothing, coherent variation of amplitudes over time, spectral-envelope smoothing, forced harmonic-frequency variation, frequency-variation smoothing, and harmonic-frequency flattening. Listeners were asked to discriminate sounds resynthesized with simplified data from reference sounds resynthesized with the full data. Averaged over the seven instruments, the discrimination was very good for spectral envelope smoothing and amplitude envelope coherence, but was moderate to poor in decreasing order for forced harmonic frequency variation, frequency variation smoothing, frequency flattening, and amplitude variation smoothing. Discrimination of combinations of simplifications was equivalent to that of the most potent constituent simplification. Objective measurements were made on the spectral data for harmonic amplitude, harmonic frequency, and spectral centroid changes resulting from simplifications. These measures were found to correlate well with discrimination results, indicating that listeners have access to a relatively fine-grained sensory representation of musical instrument sounds.
在乐器声音中，研究了准谐波时变频谱几个突出特征的感知显著性。对七种乐器（单簧管、长笛、双簧管、小号、小提琴、羽管键琴和马林巴琴）的声音进行频谱分析，得出了时变谐波幅度和频率数据。对参考音调应用了六种基本数据简化方法及其五种组合：幅度变化平滑、幅度随时间的连贯变化、频谱包络平滑、强制谐波频率变化、频率变化平滑以及谐波频率平坦化。要求听众区分用简化数据重新合成的声音与用完整数据重新合成的参考声音。在七种乐器上平均来看，对于频谱包络平滑和幅度包络连贯性，辨别效果非常好，但对于强制谐波频率变化（从高到低依次递减）、频率变化平滑、频率平坦化和幅度变化平滑，辨别效果中等至较差。对简化导致的谐波幅度、谐波频率和频谱质心变化的频谱数据进行了客观测量。发现这些测量结果与辨别结果有很好的相关性，表明听众能够获得相对精细的乐器声音感官表征。
