Anderson R, Treasure E T, Whitehouse N H
Dental Public Health Unit, Dental School, Cardiff, UK.
Community Dent Health. 1998 Dec;15(4):243-7.
To describe and compare the practice of dentistry and the dental workforce in eighteen European countries.
Semi-structured, in-depth validation interviews were carried out with key-informants from the main national dental associations of EU and associated countries. The interviews were structured around the responses to a previously completed questionnaire, whose topics and terminology had been agreed in advance with the collaborating associations. The resulting descriptions of dental practice and the dental workforce in each country were returned for further validation and correction by the collaborating associations. Ultimate editorial control over the review of each country's oral health system rested with the academic unit from which the associations jointly commissioned the study.
With the exception of Austria the primary training and registration of dentists is now more or less standard across Europe. However, wide international variation exists in the official recognition of dental specialists and auxiliaries. The Nordic countries of Sweden, Finland and Iceland recognise the broadest range of specialties. In contrast Spain, Portugal, Luxembourg and Belgium currently do not formally recognise any types of specialist practice. Fee-for-service is the dominant form of remuneration for dentists across Europe, but considerable variation exists in the level of fees, how they are decided and the proportion paid by the patient. When based upon standard questionnaires, semi-structured interviews with key informants are an effective method for capturing both the specifics of how an oral health system works, and the general similarities and differences between countries.
描述并比较18个欧洲国家的牙科诊疗情况及牙科从业人员情况。
对欧盟及相关国家主要国家牙科协会的关键信息提供者进行了半结构化的深入验证访谈。访谈围绕对之前完成的问卷的回答展开，问卷的主题和术语已事先与合作协会达成一致。每个国家牙科诊疗情况及牙科从业人员情况的最终描述会返回给合作协会进行进一步验证和修正。对每个国家口腔卫生系统评估的最终编辑控制权归联合委托该研究的协会所属的学术单位所有。
除奥地利外，目前欧洲各国牙医的初始培训和注册情况或多或少已实现标准化。然而，在牙科专科医生和辅助人员的官方认可方面，国际间存在很大差异。瑞典、芬兰和冰岛这几个北欧国家认可的专科种类最为广泛。相比之下，西班牙、葡萄牙、卢森堡和比利时目前尚未正式认可任何类型的专科诊疗。按服务收费是欧洲各国牙医薪酬的主要形式，但在收费水平、收费决定方式以及患者支付比例方面存在很大差异。基于标准问卷，对关键信息提供者进行半结构化访谈是一种有效的方法，既能了解口腔卫生系统的具体运作方式，又能掌握各国之间的总体异同。
