Anderson R, Treasure E T, Whitehouse N H
Dental Public Health Unit, Dental School, Cardiff, UK.
Community Dent Health. 1998 Sep;15(3):145-9.
To describe and compare the oral health systems in 18 European countries.
Semi-structured, in-depth validation interviews were carried out with key informants from the main national dental associations of EU and associated countries. The interviews were structured around the responses to a previously completed questionnaire, the topics and terminology of which had been agreed in advance with the collaborating associations. The resulting descriptions of dental practice and the dental workforce in each country were returned for further validation and correction by the collaborating associations. Ultimate editorial control over the review of each country's oral health system rested with the authors.
Oral health care is mainly financed by government-regulated or compulsory social insurance in seven of the 18 countries examined here: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and Switzerland. Providing universal or near-universal coverage by membership of insurance institutions, these systems provide oral health care for about 180 million people across Europe, and almost half of all EU citizens. In the Nordic countries and the UK entitlement to care is typically based upon residence or citizenship, and apart from in Norway and Iceland is provided within a tax-funded and government-organised health service. In southern Europe, Norway, Ireland and Iceland oral health care is largely financed directly by the patient, with occasional support through private insurance. Some publicly-funded and organised services do exist in these countries but generally only for specific population groups (e.g. children, unemployed), or in particular regions.
描述并比较18个欧洲国家的口腔卫生系统。
对欧盟及相关国家主要国家牙科协会的关键信息提供者进行了半结构化的深入验证访谈。访谈围绕对一份先前完成的问卷的回答展开，问卷的主题和术语已事先与合作协会达成一致。每个国家牙科实践和牙科劳动力的最终描述返回给合作协会进行进一步验证和修正。对每个国家口腔卫生系统审查的最终编辑控制权归作者所有。
在本文研究的18个国家中，有7个国家的口腔卫生保健主要由政府监管或强制性社会保险提供资金：奥地利、比利时、法国、德国、卢森堡、荷兰和瑞士。这些系统通过保险机构的成员资格提供普遍或近乎普遍的覆盖，为欧洲约1.8亿人提供口腔卫生保健，几乎占所有欧盟公民的一半。在北欧国家和英国，获得医疗服务的权利通常基于居住或公民身份，除了挪威和冰岛，医疗服务是在税收资助和政府组织的医疗服务体系内提供的。在南欧、挪威、爱尔兰和冰岛，口腔卫生保健主要由患者直接出资，偶尔通过私人保险提供支持。这些国家确实存在一些公共资助和组织的服务，但通常只针对特定人群（如儿童、失业者）或特定地区。
