Lajoie M H, Turcotte J Y
Hôpital général de Montréal.
J Can Dent Assoc. 1999 Jan;65(1):35-9.
Dentofacial deformities of the jaws, teeth and middle and lower thirds of the face affect both function and appearance. Epidemiological studies show that many Americans suffer from a malocclusion, which alters the proportions of the face. Moreover, in about 5 per cent of cases, the deformity is great enough to cause a severe handicap. A number of years ago, only orthodontic therapy was available, its aim being to achieve an acceptable occlusal relation while improving appearance as much as possible. However, this therapy provided limited improvement. Consequently, serious cases were later treated surgically. Since the 1970s, new surgical techniques have made it possible to reposition the jaws or dentoalveolar segments. As a result, today many more cases are treated in collaboration with orthodontists and surgeons. This article summarizes the main orthognathic surgical techniques, their procedures and their effects on temporomandibular disorders.
颌骨、牙齿以及面部中下三分之一部位的牙颌面畸形会影响功能和外观。流行病学研究表明，许多美国人患有错牙合畸形，这改变了面部比例。此外，在约5%的病例中，畸形严重到足以导致严重残疾。若干年前，只有正畸治疗可供选择，其目的是在尽可能改善外观的同时实现可接受的咬合关系。然而，这种治疗的改善有限。因此，严重病例后来通过手术治疗。自20世纪70年代以来，新的手术技术使重新定位颌骨或牙槽段成为可能。结果，如今更多病例是由正畸医生和外科医生合作治疗的。本文总结了主要的正颌外科技术、其操作步骤以及对颞下颌关节紊乱症的影响。
