Arem C A, Zimmerman B J
Am J Ment Defic. 1976 Nov;81(3):289-96.
The effects of observing a model's overt display of a creative drawing response and hearing a description of these actions were assessed with 54 retarded and 68 nonretarded children. The modeled creative strategy was designed to be high in the dimension of elaboration. A multivariate research design was employed to assess the target dimension of elaboration, as well as to determine transfer to tasks of varying degrees of similarity to the model's task and to creative dimensions other than elaboration. The overt modeling of a creative strategy was most effective in improving elaboration, although verbal descriptions also aided performance. Retarded children were less able than nonretarded children to discriminate the essential elements of the model's elaboration strategy and displayed less acquisition of the elaboration strategy but showed comparable gradients of transfer.
通过54名智力迟钝儿童和68名非智力迟钝儿童，评估了观察模型公开展示的创造性绘画反应以及听取这些行为描述的效果。所模拟的创造性策略在精细度维度上设计得很高。采用多变量研究设计来评估精细度这一目标维度，并确定向与模型任务相似度不同的任务以及除精细度之外的其他创造性维度的迁移情况。创造性策略的公开模拟在提高精细度方面最为有效，尽管言语描述也有助于表现。与非智力迟钝儿童相比，智力迟钝儿童辨别模型精细度策略基本要素的能力较弱，习得精细度策略的程度较低，但表现出相当的迁移梯度。
