Pankov Y A
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Endocrine Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 1999 Jan;64(1):1-7.
This review summarizes data on two hormones, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Genes encoding these hormones are actively expressed in various tissues which can synthesize and secrete the corresponding hormones into the intracellular space and blood. Apart from the pituitary, GH gene is also expressed in mammary gland, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and blood cells. GH activates expression of the gene of IGF-I and stimulates its secretion by the liver, adipose tissue, thymus, and other tissues. The growth-stimulating effect of GH is mediated (at least partially) by IGF-I, but direct (IGF-I-independent) influence on target tissues is also possible. Genes encoding GH and IGF-I receptors are expressed in all organs and tissues, including various cells of the immune system. GH and IGF-I regulate the function of the immune system via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms.
本综述总结了两种激素——生长激素（GH）和胰岛素样生长因子I（IGF-I）的数据。编码这些激素的基因在各种组织中活跃表达，这些组织能够合成相应激素并将其分泌到细胞内空间和血液中。除垂体外，GH基因还在乳腺、胸腺、脾脏、淋巴结和血细胞中表达。GH激活IGF-I基因的表达，并刺激肝脏、脂肪组织、胸腺和其他组织分泌IGF-I。GH的生长刺激作用至少部分是由IGF-I介导的，但对靶组织也可能存在直接（不依赖IGF-I）的影响。编码GH和IGF-I受体的基因在所有器官和组织中表达，包括免疫系统的各种细胞。GH和IGF-I通过内分泌、旁分泌和自分泌机制调节免疫系统的功能。
