Moyer A, Levine E G
University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 1998 Summer;20(3):149-60. doi: 10.1007/BF02884955.
Denial represents an important area of study in individuals with cancer. It may be related to recognizing symptoms, seeking medical help, psychological adjustment to diagnosis and illness, and perhaps progression of the disease. However, denial has been defined theoretically and measured in a variety of ways. These differences are due to a lack of consensus as to whether denial is unconscious versus conscious, a trait versus a state, an indication of psychological disturbance versus a normal response to a life-threatening disease, or a broad versus a narrow concept. In addition, there is a lack of congruence between theoretical definitions and the operational definitions used in empirical studies investigating denial in the context of cancer. This inconsistency may be responsible for the mixed findings concerning the importance and function of denial in individuals with cancer. In this article, the ways in which denial has been conceptualized and operationalized are examined, and an overview of the research examining denial in cancer patients is provided. We recommend that future studies provide explicit definitions of denial, use multiple measures assessing different modalities and outcomes, measure denial at several times over the course of illness, and take into account aspects of the individual's situation to ensure that denial is not identified erroneously.
否认是癌症患者研究中的一个重要领域。它可能与识别症状、寻求医疗帮助、对诊断和疾病的心理调适以及疾病进展有关。然而，否认在理论上有不同的定义，测量方式也多种多样。这些差异是由于对于否认是无意识的还是有意识的、是一种特质还是一种状态、是心理障碍的表现还是对危及生命疾病的正常反应，或者是一个宽泛概念还是一个狭义概念，缺乏共识。此外，在癌症背景下研究否认的实证研究中，理论定义与操作定义之间也缺乏一致性。这种不一致可能导致了关于否认在癌症患者中的重要性和功能的研究结果参差不齐。本文将审视否认的概念化和操作化方式，并概述对癌症患者否认情况的研究。我们建议未来的研究明确界定否认的定义，使用多种测量方法来评估不同的方式和结果，在疾病过程中多次测量否认情况，并考虑个体情况的各个方面，以确保不会错误地识别否认。
