Kendler K S, Prescott C A
Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, USA.
Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;156(2):223-8. doi: 10.1176/ajp.156.2.223.
Caffeine is by far the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance. The use and abuse of most other licit and illicit psychoactive drugs have been shown to be substantially heritable. However, the impact of genetic factors on caffeine consumption, heavy use, intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal is largely unknown.
Caffeine consumption, in the form of brewed coffee, instant coffee, tea, and caffeinated soft drinks, as well as caffeine intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal, were assessed by personal interviews of 1,934 individual twins from female-female pairs ascertained from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. The sample included both members of 486 monozygotic and 335 dizygotic pairs. Twin resemblance was assessed by probandwise concordance, odds ratios, and tetrachoric correlations. Biometrical model fitting was also performed.
The resemblance in twin pairs for total caffeine consumption, heavy caffeine use, caffeine intoxication, caffeine tolerance, and caffeine withdrawal was substantially greater in monozygotic than in dizygotic twin pairs. Model fitting suggested that twin resemblance for these measures could be ascribed solely to genetic factors, with estimated broad heritabilities of between 35% and 77%.
Caffeine is an addictive psychoactive substance. Similar to previous findings with other licit and illicit psychoactive drugs, individual differences in caffeine use, intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal are substantially influenced by genetic factors.
咖啡因是目前最常摄入的精神活性物质。大多数其他合法和非法精神活性药物的使用及滥用已被证明具有显著的遗传性。然而，遗传因素对咖啡因摄入、大量使用、中毒、耐受性及戒断反应的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。
通过对从基于人群的弗吉尼亚双胞胎登记处确定的1934对女性双胞胎个体进行个人访谈，评估以煮咖啡、速溶咖啡、茶和含咖啡因软饮料形式摄入的咖啡因，以及咖啡因中毒、耐受性和戒断反应。样本包括486对同卵双胞胎和335对异卵双胞胎的双方。通过先证者一致性、优势比和四分相关系数评估双胞胎的相似性。还进行了生物统计学模型拟合。
同卵双胞胎在总咖啡因摄入量、大量咖啡因使用、咖啡因中毒、咖啡因耐受性和咖啡因戒断反应方面的相似性显著高于异卵双胞胎。模型拟合表明，这些指标的双胞胎相似性可完全归因于遗传因素，估计广义遗传率在35%至77%之间。
咖啡因是一种成瘾性精神活性物质。与之前关于其他合法和非法精神活性药物的研究结果相似，咖啡因使用、中毒、耐受性和戒断反应的个体差异在很大程度上受遗传因素影响。
