Carvajal M J, Hardigan P
Department of Economics, Florida International University, Miami 33199, USA.
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 1999 Jan-Feb;39(1):32-40. doi: 10.1016/s1086-5802(16)30413-2.
To identify and measure intergender and interethnic differences in preferences and expectations of pharmacy students.
Two-part survey. One part addressed systematic variations in work-related expectations and preferences between the sexes and among ethnic minorities that may result from cumulative disadvantage or attitudinal traits; the other part focused on similarities and differences in expected sources of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University.
171 students enrolled in their final semester of didactic training (that is, immediately before rotations or internship).
Not applicable.
Significance of intergender and interethnic disparities was determined using t tests.
No significant intergender disparities were detected in income expectations, anticipated level of job satisfaction, estimated time from graduation to passing the Board exam or working, or in preferred or expected sector of first job. African American students expected to earn lower levels of income, experience less satisfaction in their first job as a pharmacist, and work longer hours. Hispanic and Asian American students exhibited less confidence in their ability to pass the Board exam and in the allocative function of the job market. Salary and ability to help patients were the two sources of job satisfaction anticipated most frequently, whereas work overload ranked first among the anticipated sources of job dissatisfaction.
The rapidly changing gender composition of the profession has altered traditional integender differences in outlook and attitudinal traits, contributing to the disappearance of intergender disparities identified in previous research. However, significant interethnic differences in preferences and expectations suggest the presence of cumulative disadvantage among minorities.
识别并衡量药学专业学生在偏好和期望方面的性别和种族差异。
两部分调查。一部分探讨性别之间以及少数族裔之间在与工作相关的期望和偏好方面的系统差异，这些差异可能源于累积劣势或态度特征；另一部分关注工作满意度和不满意的预期来源的异同。
诺瓦东南大学药学院。
171名处于教学培训最后一学期（即，即将开始轮转或实习前）的学生。
无。
使用t检验确定性别和种族差异的显著性。
在收入期望、预期工作满意度水平、从毕业到通过执业资格考试或开始工作的预计时间，或第一份工作的偏好或期望领域方面，未发现显著的性别差异。非裔美国学生期望收入较低，对第一份药剂师工作的满意度较低，且工作时间更长。西班牙裔和亚裔美国学生对自己通过执业资格考试的能力以及就业市场的分配功能信心较低。薪资和帮助患者的能力是最常被提及的工作满意度来源，而工作负担过重是预期中工作不满意的首要来源。
该专业迅速变化的性别构成改变了传统的性别在观念和态度特征上的差异，导致先前研究中发现的性别差异消失。然而，在偏好和期望方面存在显著的种族差异，这表明少数族裔中存在累积劣势。
