Shipherd J C, Beck J G
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 1999 Feb;37(2):99-112. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00136-3.
A hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the presence of intrusive thoughts that come to mind against an individual's will and are frequently accompanied by considerable distress. This investigation examined the effects of deliberate suppression of rape-related thoughts on female sexual assault survivors, in order to explore this facet of PTSD. Seventeen women with chronic PTSD following a sexual assault were contrasted with nineteen survivors without PTSD, using a thought suppression paradigm (e.g. [Wegner, Schneider, Carter, & White (1987) Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53 5-13]). Results indicated that PTSD participants experienced a rebound in the frequency of rape-related thoughts following deliberate suppression, whereas non-PTSD participants did not experience a rebound. Reported level of perceived controllability over rape-related thoughts for the PTSD participants was significantly lower during the suppression phase (as compared with the expression phase) relative to the non-PTSD participants. PTSD participants were significantly more anxious, depressed and distressed throughout the procedure relative to non-PTSD participants, although mood changes did not parallel the rebound effect found with rape-related thoughts in the PTSD group. Results are discussed in light of the role that intrusive thoughts may play in the maintenance of PTSD.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的一个标志性症状是侵入性思维的出现，这些思维违背个体意愿进入脑海，且常常伴随着极大的痛苦。本研究调查了刻意抑制与强奸相关的思维对女性性侵犯幸存者的影响，以探究PTSD的这一方面。采用思维抑制范式（例如[韦格纳、施奈德、卡特和怀特（1987年）思维抑制的悖论效应。《人格与社会心理学杂志》，53，5 - 13]），将17名遭受性侵犯后患有慢性PTSD的女性与19名无PTSD的幸存者进行对比。结果表明，PTSD参与者在刻意抑制后，与强奸相关的思维频率出现反弹，而无PTSD的参与者未出现反弹。与无PTSD的参与者相比，PTSD参与者在抑制阶段（与表达阶段相比）报告的对与强奸相关思维的可感知可控水平显著更低。在整个过程中，PTSD参与者相对于无PTSD的参与者明显更焦虑、抑郁和痛苦，尽管情绪变化与PTSD组中与强奸相关思维的反弹效应并不平行。根据侵入性思维在PTSD维持中可能发挥的作用对结果进行了讨论。
