Sheeran P, Abraham C, Orbell S
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Psychol Bull. 1999 Jan;125(1):90-132. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.1.90.
Despite increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS, there has been no systematic review of correlates of condom use among heterosexual samples. To rectify this, the present study used meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between psychosocial variables and self-reported condom use. Six hundred sixty correlations distributed across 44 variables were derived from 121 empirical studies. Variables were organized in terms of the labeling, commitment, and enactment stages of the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (Catania, Kegeles, & Coates, 1990). Findings showed that demographic, personality, and labeling stage variables had small average correlations with condom use. Commitment and enactment stage variables fared better, with attitudes toward condoms, behavioral intentions, and communication about condoms being the most important predictors. Overall, findings support a social psychological model of condom use highlighting the importance of behavior-specific cognitions, social interaction, and preparatory behaviors rather than knowledge and beliefs about the threat of infection.
尽管艾滋病毒/艾滋病的发病率不断上升，但尚未对异性恋样本中使用避孕套的相关因素进行系统综述。为纠正这一情况，本研究采用荟萃分析来量化心理社会变量与自我报告的避孕套使用之间的关系。从121项实证研究中得出了分布在44个变量上的660个相关性。变量是根据艾滋病风险降低模型（卡塔尼亚、凯格莱斯和科茨，1990年）的标签、承诺和实施阶段进行组织的。研究结果表明，人口统计学、人格和标签阶段变量与避孕套使用的平均相关性较小。承诺和实施阶段变量表现更好，对避孕套的态度、行为意图以及关于避孕套使用的沟通是最重要的预测因素。总体而言，研究结果支持一种避孕套使用的社会心理模型，该模型强调特定行为认知、社会互动和准备行为的重要性，而非关于感染威胁的知识和信念。
