De Nó R L
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1976 Nov-Dec;85(6 suppl 34 pt. 3):1-28. doi: 10.1177/00034894760856S201.
Three types of afferent fibers innervate the hair cells of the organ of Corti: 1) specific radial fibers which establish contacts with a very few neighboring internal hair cells; 2) spiral fibers, each one of which establishes contact with a number of external hair cells distributed throughout long segments of the cochlea; and 3) unspecific radial fibers which are collaterals arising radially at irregular intervals from fibers of the ganglionic spiral bundles and which establish contact with internal hair cells. The existence of spiral ganglionic bundles of fibers oriented apicalward has long been described, and the fact that a number of ganglionic spiral fibers give off radial collaterals to innervate internal hair cells was illustrated by Cajal and by Lorente de Nó. However, those structural details are not mentioned in the modern literature. In the ventral nucleus there are neurons with efferent axons which join the trapezoid body and cells with short axons ramified within the ventral nucleus itself. Two types of cells with efferent axons are illustrated and described, the spherical or bushy cell and the basket cell; and it is shown that branches of division of the two types of efferent axons form association tracts which end in the tuberculum acusticum. Also, the fact is illustrated that fibers having their cells of origin in that tuberculum form association paths which end in the ventral nucleus by means of extensive ramifications which form numerous synaptic endings. The dendritic and fibrillar plexuses in the ventral nucleus are described, an analysis is made of the relationships between the two plexuses and of the synaptic junctions that mediate transmission of nerve impulses. The synaptic junctions belong to a considerable number of types and in all illustrations the important fact repeatedly appears that one and the same fiber may form synaptic endings of widely different sizes and shapes located either on the same neuron or, more frequently, on different neurons. The intimate structure of each type of synaptic ending cannot be revealed by light microscopy, but only light microscopy can reveal to which kind of fiber the synaptic endings do belong. The presentation is concluded with a brief and preliminary discussion of physiological corollaries of certain general features of the anatomy of the acoustic system.
1）特定的放射状纤维，与极少数相邻的内毛细胞建立联系；2）螺旋纤维，每根螺旋纤维与分布在耳蜗长段的多个外毛细胞建立联系；3）非特定的放射状纤维，它们是从螺旋神经节束的纤维以不规则间隔径向发出的侧支，与内毛细胞建立联系。向顶端方向定向的螺旋神经节纤维束的存在早已被描述，并且 Cajal 和 Lorente de Nó 说明了许多螺旋神经节纤维发出放射状侧支来支配内毛细胞这一事实。然而，现代文献中并未提及这些结构细节。在腹侧核中，有传出轴突的神经元加入梯形体，还有轴突短且在腹侧核本身内分支的细胞。文中展示并描述了两种有传出轴突的细胞，即球状或浓密细胞和篮状细胞；还表明这两种传出轴突的分支形成联系束，终止于听结节。此外，文中还说明了起源于该听结节的纤维通过广泛分支形成许多突触末梢，从而形成终止于腹侧核的联系路径。描述了腹侧核中的树突和纤维丛，分析了这两个丛之间的关系以及介导神经冲动传递的突触连接。突触连接属于相当多的类型，在所有图示中反复出现的一个重要事实是，同一根纤维可能在同一个神经元上，或者更常见的是在不同神经元上形成大小和形状差异很大的突触末梢。每种突触末梢的精细结构无法通过光学显微镜揭示，但只有光学显微镜才能揭示突触末梢所属的纤维类型。文章最后对听觉系统解剖学某些一般特征的生理推论进行了简要的初步讨论。
