Motavkin P A, Vlasov G S
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1976 Jul;71(7):41-6.
The development of adren- and cholinergic nervous plexuses in the brain base arteries was studied by histochemical methods of Falck and Kelle in animals and fetuses of 10-22 days, newborn rats, animals of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 120 days of life and 1 and 2 years old rats. The cholinergic nerve fibres were first found in the basilar, vertebral and internal carotid arteries on the 15th and 16th days of ontogenesis. Specific fluorescence of adrenergic conductors on the same arteries is revealed somewhat later--from the 17th and 18th days of the intrauterine development. Further formation of the cholin- and adrenergic innervation of the arteries of the Willis' circle goes on synchronously. The number of nerve fibres increases with the growth of the artery diameter. The concentration of catecholamines and the activity of AChE in them gradually increases. The greatest density of nerve fibres per 1 mm2 is determined in 20-day-old rats. The number of cholinergic nerve fibres on the arteries of the brain base is equal to that of adrenergic fibres during the whole period of postnatal ontogenesis. By the 30th day the effector nervous apparatus has a definite structure. In old rats the activity of AChE and the content of catecholamines drop, the amount and concentration of nerve fibres decrease.
采用法尔克和凯莱的组织化学方法，对10 - 22天的动物和胎儿、新生大鼠、10、20、30、40、60和120日龄的动物以及1岁和2岁大鼠脑基底动脉中肾上腺素能和胆碱能神经丛的发育进行了研究。胆碱能神经纤维在个体发育的第15和16天首次在基底动脉、椎动脉和颈内动脉中被发现。同一动脉上肾上腺素能传导体的特异性荧光稍晚出现——从子宫内发育的第17和18天开始。Willis环动脉的胆碱能和肾上腺素能神经支配的进一步形成同步进行。神经纤维的数量随着动脉直径的增加而增加。其中儿茶酚胺的浓度和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性逐渐增加。在20日龄大鼠中，每1平方毫米神经纤维的密度最大。在出生后个体发育的整个时期，脑基底动脉上胆碱能神经纤维的数量与肾上腺素能纤维的数量相等。到第30天时，效应器神经装置具有确定的结构。在老年大鼠中，乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性和儿茶酚胺的含量下降，神经纤维的数量和浓度减少。
