Yeh H C, Phalen R F, Raabe O G
Environ Health Perspect. 1976 Jun;15:147-56. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7615147.
Because the initial deposition pattern of inhaled particles of various toxic agents determines their future clearance and insult to tissue, respiratory tract deposition is important in assessing the potential toxicity of inhaled aerosols. Factors influencing the deposition of inhaled particles can be classified into three main areas: (1) the physics of aerosols, (2) the anatomy of the respiratory tract and (3) the airflow patterns in the lung airways. In the physics of aerosols, the forces acting on a particle and its physical and chemical properties, such as particle size or size distribution, density, shape, hygroscopic or hydrophobic character, and chemical reactions of the particle will affect the deposition. With respect to the anatomy of the respiratory tract, important parameters are the diameters, the lengths, and the branching angles of airway segments, which determine the deposition. Physiological factors include airflow and breathing patterns, which influence particle deposition. Various lung models used in predicting particle deposition are reviewed and discussed. The air-way structures of various animal species are compared, showing the unique structure of the human lung compared to the animal species under study. Regional deposition data in man and dog are reviewed. Recent deposition data for small rodents are presented, showing regional difference in deposition with the right apical lobe having the highest relative deposition.
由于各种有毒物质的吸入颗粒的初始沉积模式决定了它们未来的清除情况以及对组织的损害，呼吸道沉积在评估吸入气雾剂的潜在毒性方面很重要。影响吸入颗粒沉积的因素可分为三个主要方面：（1）气溶胶物理学，（2）呼吸道解剖结构，以及（3）肺气道中的气流模式。在气溶胶物理学中，作用于颗粒的力及其物理和化学性质，如颗粒大小或大小分布、密度、形状、吸湿或疏水特性以及颗粒的化学反应，都会影响沉积。就呼吸道解剖结构而言，重要参数是气道段的直径、长度和分支角度，这些决定了沉积情况。生理因素包括气流和呼吸模式，它们会影响颗粒沉积。本文对用于预测颗粒沉积的各种肺模型进行了综述和讨论。比较了各种动物物种的气道结构，显示了与所研究的动物物种相比人类肺部的独特结构。回顾了人类和狗的区域沉积数据。给出了小型啮齿动物的最新沉积数据，显示出右肺尖叶的相对沉积最高，存在沉积区域差异。
