Lankford James E, Meinke Deanna K, Flamme Gregory A, Finan Donald S, Stewart Michael, Tasko Stephen, Murphy William J
a Northern Illinois University, Emeritus , DeKalb , USA .
b Audiology and Speech-Language Sciences, University of Northern Colorado , Greeley , USA .
Int J Audiol. 2016;55 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S51-8. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2015.1131851.
To characterize the impulse noise exposure and auditory risk for air rifle users for both youth and adults.
Acoustic characteristics were examined and the auditory risk estimates were evaluated using contemporary damage-risk criteria for unprotected adult listeners and the 120-dB peak limit and LAeq75 exposure limit suggested by the World Health Organization (1999) for children.
Impulses were generated by nine pellet air rifles and one BB air rifle.
None of the air rifles generated peak levels that exceeded the 140 dB peak limit for adults, and eight (80%) exceeded the 120 dB peak SPL limit for youth. In general, for both adults and youth, there is minimal auditory risk when shooting fewer than 100 unprotected shots with pellet air rifles. Air rifles with suppressors were less hazardous than those without suppressors, and the pellet air rifles with higher velocities were generally more hazardous than those with lower velocities.
To minimize auditory risk, youth should utilize air rifles with an integrated suppressor and lower velocity ratings. Air rifle shooters are advised to wear hearing protection whenever engaging in shooting activities in order to gain self-efficacy and model appropriate hearing health behaviors necessary for recreational firearm use.
描述青少年和成年人气步枪使用者的脉冲噪声暴露情况及听觉风险。
检查声学特征，并使用针对未受保护成年听众的当代损伤风险标准以及世界卫生组织（1999年）为儿童建议的120分贝峰值限值和LAeq75暴露限值来评估听觉风险估计值。
由九支气枪和一支BB气枪产生脉冲。
没有一支气枪产生的峰值水平超过成年人的140分贝峰值限值，八支（80%）超过了青少年的120分贝峰值声压级限值。一般来说，对于成年人和青少年而言，用气枪进行少于100次无防护射击时，听觉风险极小。带消音器的气枪比不带消音器的危险性小，而射速较高的气枪通常比射速较低的危险性大。
为将听觉风险降至最低，青少年应使用带有集成消音器且射速较低的气枪。建议气枪射击者在进行射击活动时佩戴听力保护装置，以增强自我效能，并树立娱乐性枪支使用所需的适当听力健康行为榜样。
