Grainge M J, Coupland C A, Cliffe S J, Chilvers C E, Hosking D J
Department of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, UK.
Osteoporos Int. 1998;8(4):355-63. doi: 10.1007/s001980050075.
The aim of this analysis was to compare the effects of different measures of cigarette, alcohol and caffeine consumption upon bone mineral density (BMD). Five hundred and eighty postmenopausal women aged 45-59 years at recruitment completed a risk factor questionnaire that contained detailed sections on cigarette, alcohol and caffeine consumption. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Measurements taken at five bone sites were used: anterior-posterior spine, femoral neck, greater trochanter, radius/ulna and whole body. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for a number of established BMD risk factors. BMD was more strongly related to the number of months spent smoking than to pack-years of smoking at all five sites (p < 0.05 at four of the five sites). There were significant reductions in BMD when comparing smokers with non-smokers at ages 20, 30 and 40 years, but not for current smoking. Lifetime alcohol consumption and current alcohol consumption did not have an independent association with BMD. However, the heaviest beer drinkers in the sample had a particularly low bone density. Caffeine consumption at various ages was not associated with BMD. The results of these analyses suggest that for predicting BMD a simple history of smoking duration is as good as trying to obtain more detailed smoking information, but that only 25% of the variation in BMD is explained by personal characteristics, family history and lifestyle factors.
本分析的目的是比较不同的香烟、酒精和咖啡因摄入量测量方法对骨矿物质密度（BMD）的影响。580名年龄在45 - 59岁之间的绝经后女性在招募时完成了一份风险因素问卷，其中包含关于香烟、酒精和咖啡因摄入量的详细部分。使用双能X线吸收法测量BMD。测量了五个骨骼部位：腰椎前后位、股骨颈、大转子、桡骨/尺骨和全身。数据采用多元线性回归分析，并对一些已确定的BMD风险因素进行了校正。在所有五个部位，BMD与吸烟月数的相关性比与吸烟包年数的相关性更强（五个部位中有四个部位p < 0.05）。在20岁、30岁和40岁时，吸烟者与非吸烟者相比，BMD有显著降低，但当前吸烟情况并非如此。终生酒精摄入量和当前酒精摄入量与BMD没有独立关联。然而，样本中啤酒饮用量最大的人群骨密度特别低。不同年龄段的咖啡因摄入量与BMD无关。这些分析结果表明，对于预测BMD，简单的吸烟持续时间病史与试图获取更详细的吸烟信息效果相同，但BMD变化中只有25%可由个人特征、家族史和生活方式因素解释。
