Phylogenetic structures of the genus Acinetobacter based on gyrB sequences: comparison with the grouping by DNA-DNA hybridization.

The phylogenetic relationships of 49 Acinetobacter strains, 46 of which have previously been classified into 18 genomic species by DNA-DNA hybridization studies, were investigated using the nucleotide sequence of gyrB, the structural gene for the DNA gyrase B subunit. The phylogenetic tree showed linkages between genomic species 1 (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus), 2 (Acinetobacter baumannii), 3 and TU13; genomic species 6, BJ15, BJ16 and BJ17; genomic species 5, BJ13 (synonym of TU14) and BJ14; genomic species 7 (Acinetobacter johnsonii), 10 and 11; and genomic species 8 and 9. The phylogenetic grouping of Acinetobacter strains based on gyrB genes was almost congruent with that based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies. Consequently, gyrB sequence comparison can be used to resolve the taxonomic positions of bacterial strains at the level of genomic species. However, minor discrepancies existed in the grouping of strains of genomic species 8, 9 and BJ17. The phylogenetic tree for these strains was reconstructed from the sequence of rpoD, the structural gene for the RNA polymerase sigma 70 factor. The latter tree was 100% congruent with the grouping based on DNA-DNA hybridization. The reliability of DNA-DNA hybridization may be superior to that of sequence comparison of a single protein-encoding gene in resolving closely related organisms since the former method measures the homologies between the nucleotide sequences of total genomic DNAs. Three strains that have not been characterized previously by DNA-DNA hybridization seem to belong to two new genomic species, one including strain ATCC 33308 and the other including strains ATCC 31012 and MBIC 1332.