Hulzebos C V, Walhof C, de Vries T W
Academisch Ziekenhuis, Beatrix Kinderkliniek, Groningen.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998 Nov 21;142(47):2569-71.
Accidental ingestion of cigarettes (and butts) is mainly seen in young children. Nicotine in tobacco products is easily absorbed by the oral mucosa and intestines; absorption depends on nicotine content and pH of tobacco. Symptoms are caused by the nicotine component and usually develop rapidly (< 4 hours). The most common symptom is vomiting. Although cigarettes are potentially toxic, their ingestion by children is generally benign. Decontamination of the mouth with water may be useful. Induction of emesis is not advised. Gastric lavage is not needed in asymptomatic patients (with an unreliable history) or after vomiting. Children who ingested cigarettes should receive medical observation for four hours after ingestion. Children with significant symptoms should be admitted and eventually treated by supportive care. In symptomatic children or children with a reliable history of ingestion of large quantities who have not vomited gastric lavage with administration of activated charcoal has to be performed. When after vomiting other symptoms persist activated charcoal can be given via a nasogastric tube.
意外摄入香烟（及烟头）主要见于幼儿。烟草制品中的尼古丁很容易被口腔黏膜和肠道吸收；吸收情况取决于尼古丁含量和烟草的pH值。症状由尼古丁成分引起，通常发展迅速（<4小时）。最常见的症状是呕吐。虽然香烟有潜在毒性，但儿童摄入后一般情况良好。用水清洗口腔可能有用。不建议催吐。无症状患者（病史不可靠）或呕吐后无需洗胃。摄入香烟的儿童在摄入后应接受4小时的医学观察。有明显症状的儿童应住院，最终接受支持性治疗。有症状的儿童或有可靠大量摄入病史且未呕吐的儿童，必须进行洗胃并给予活性炭。呕吐后若其他症状持续，可通过鼻胃管给予活性炭。
