Costello J, Hairston J B
J Commun Disord. 1976 Jun;9(2):175-90. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(76)90009-5.
Incorrect articulation responses and inappropriate off-task behaviors occurring during programmed articulation instruction were concurrently modified by the presentation of an identical punishing stimulus for both groups of behaviors or by the presentation of different punishing stimuli for each group of behaviors. Results indicated that both procedures were equally effective in reducing both groups of undesirable behaviors. The nature of the relationship between articulation responses and off-task behaviors is discussed in detail, especially in terms of behavioral covariation.
在程序化发音指令期间出现的不正确发音反应和不适当的任务外行为，通过对两组行为呈现相同的惩罚性刺激或对每组行为呈现不同的惩罚性刺激来同时进行修正。结果表明，两种程序在减少两组不良行为方面同样有效。详细讨论了发音反应与任务外行为之间关系的性质，特别是在行为共变方面。
