Wolraich M L
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1979 Sep;18(9):563, 565-6, 568-70. doi: 10.1177/000992287901800909.
One hundred fifty-seven studies employing behavior modification in the management of hyperactive and disruptive children were reviewed. The studies were analyzed against standards of scientific validity. The review found: (1) behavior modification was effective in alleviating problem behaviors; (2) token programs were the most commonly used; (3) both positive reinforcement and punishment were effective; positive reinforcement, however, had the advantage of improving self-esteem; (4) behavioral problems occurring in the home most likely require a home-based program; (5) behavior modification and stimulant medication can be used simultaneously, often with additive effects; and (6) long-term benefits beyond one year have not been assessed.
对157项采用行为矫正方法来管理多动和捣蛋儿童的研究进行了综述。根据科学有效性标准对这些研究进行了分析。综述发现：（1）行为矫正对减轻问题行为有效；（2）代币制方案是最常用的；（3）正强化和惩罚都有效；然而，正强化具有提高自尊的优势；（4）在家中出现的行为问题很可能需要一个基于家庭的方案；（5）行为矫正和兴奋剂药物可以同时使用，且往往具有相加效应；以及（6）尚未评估超过一年的长期益处。
