Kyriacou D N, Hutson H R, Anglin D, Peek-Asa C, Kraus J F
Department of Emergency Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
J Trauma. 1999 Feb;46(2):334-9. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199902000-00023.
To investigate the relationship between community-level socioeconomic factors and the incidence of gang-related homicide in the city of Los Angeles.
An ecological group-level analysis was conducted to correlate the 5-year incidence rates (from 1988 through 1992) of gang-related homicide with community-level socioeconomic statistics for the 18 geographically distinct Los Angeles Police Department divisions. Eight socioeconomic factors were examined: (1) log mean per capita income, (2) proportion employed, (3) proportion high school graduates, (4) proportion single-parent families, (5) proportion male, (6) proportion younger than 20 years of age, (7) proportion African American, and (8) proportion Hispanic. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the interrelationships among the study variables and gang-related homicide. Adjusted regression estimates were calculated from a multiple linear regression model.
The overall 5-year gang-related homicide rate for the city was 48.8 per 100,000, with a range of 5.2 to 173.5 per 100,000 among the different Los Angeles Police Department divisions. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that the strongest negative correlations with gang-related homicide were log mean per capita income and proportion employed, and the strongest positive correlations were proportion single-parent families and proportion younger than 20 years of age. With mutual adjustment of all variables, only log mean per capita income and proportion employed were significantly associated with gang-related homicide.
At the community level, gang-related homicide in Los Angeles is most closely associated with lower income and unemployment. These relationships may provide important insights into the causes of gang formation and gang violence.
探讨洛杉矶市社区层面社会经济因素与帮派相关杀人案发生率之间的关系。
进行生态群组水平分析，将1988年至1992年这5年期间帮派相关杀人案的发生率与洛杉矶警察局18个地理区域不同的警区的社区层面社会经济统计数据进行关联。研究了8个社会经济因素：（1）人均收入对数均值；（2）就业比例；（3）高中毕业生比例；（4）单亲家庭比例；（5）男性比例；（6）20岁以下人口比例；（7）非裔美国人比例；（8）西班牙裔比例。计算了研究变量与帮派相关杀人案之间相互关系的皮尔逊相关系数。通过多元线性回归模型计算调整后的回归估计值。
该市5年期间帮派相关杀人案的总体发生率为每10万人48.8起，在洛杉矶警察局不同警区中，发生率范围为每10万人5.2至173.5起。皮尔逊相关系数显示，与帮派相关杀人案负相关最强的是人均收入对数均值和就业比例，正相关最强的是单亲家庭比例和20岁以下人口比例。在对所有变量进行相互调整后，只有人均收入对数均值和就业比例与帮派相关杀人案显著相关。
在社区层面，洛杉矶的帮派相关杀人案与低收入和失业最为密切相关。这些关系可能为帮派形成和帮派暴力的原因提供重要见解。
