巴西里约热内卢的收入不平等与凶杀率
Income inequality and homicide rates in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
作者信息
Szwarcwald C L, Bastos F I, Viacava F, de Andrade C L
机构信息
Department of Information on Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1999 Jun;89(6):845-50. doi: 10.2105/ajph.89.6.845.
OBJECTIVES
This study determined the effect of income inequality on homicide rates in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
METHODS
We conducted an ecological study at 2 geographical levels, municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and administrative regions in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The association between homicide and income inequality was tested by multiple regression procedures, with adjustment for other socioeconomic indicators.
RESULTS
For the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro State, no association between homicide and income concentration was found an outcome that can be explained by the municipalities' different degrees of urbanization. However, for the administrative regions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the 2 income inequality indicators were strongly correlated with the outcome variable (P < .01). Higher homicide rates were found precisely in the sector of the city that has the greatest concentration of slum residents and the highest degree of income inequality.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that social policies specifically aimed at low-income urban youth, particularly programs to reduce the harmful effects of relative deprivation, may have an important impact on the homicide rate.
目的
本研究确定了收入不平等对巴西里约热内卢州凶杀率的影响。
方法
我们在两个地理层面开展了一项生态学研究，即里约热内卢州的各个市以及里约热内卢市的各个行政区。通过多元回归程序检验凶杀与收入不平等之间的关联，并对其他社会经济指标进行了调整。
结果
对于里约热内卢州的各市而言，未发现凶杀与收入集中之间存在关联，这一结果可由各市不同程度的城市化来解释。然而，对于里约热内卢市的各个行政区，两个收入不平等指标与结果变量密切相关（P <.01）。恰恰在该市贫民窟居民最集中、收入不平等程度最高的区域发现了更高的凶杀率。
结论
研究结果表明，专门针对城市低收入青年的社会政策，尤其是旨在减少相对剥夺有害影响的项目，可能对凶杀率产生重要影响。
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