Leino T, Tuomi K, Paakkulainen H, Klockars M
Department of Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1999 Jan;72(1):56-9. doi: 10.1007/s004200050335.
Selection into and out of a profession is a known phenomenon in jobs such as hairdressing, in which the workers are exposed to agents and conditions capable of causing work-related symptoms and diseases.
To assess the risk for departure from the profession due to health and other reasons among hairdressers as compared with women engaged in commercial work.
We used a self-administered questionnaire to provide data on 3484 female hairdressers and 3357 referents with regard to their reasons for leaving the profession during the 15-year follow-up period of 1980 1995, for which the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The data were collected in August 1995.
Of the reasons studied, only the concern for health increased the risk of leaving the profession (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.16-1.52) among hairdressers. The risk of hairdressers having to leave the profession (1) because of asthma or hand eczema was 3.5 times as great as that found among the control group, (2) because of a strain injury of the wrist or elbow was 2.7 times as great, and (3) because of diseases of the neck or shoulders was 1.7 times as great. The risk of leaving the profession was approximately 20% higher for hairdressers who had suffered at some point in their lives from an atopic disease.
Hairdressers suffering from atopic diseases, hand eczema, and strain injuries of the elbow and wrist are at higher risk of leaving the profession. Active modes of intervention are needed to maintain their working ability. The tools available in the occupational health service are: information on hazards, optimization of working conditions, personal protection, and timely medical care and rehabilitation.
在美发等工作中，人员进出该行业是一种已知现象，从事这些工作的人员会接触到能够引发与工作相关症状和疾病的因素及环境。
评估美发师因健康及其他原因离职的风险，并与从事商业工作的女性进行比较。
我们使用一份自填式问卷，收集了1980年至1995年15年随访期间3484名女性美发师和3357名对照人员离职原因的数据，并计算了相对风险（RR）和95%置信区间（CI）。数据于1995年8月收集。
在所研究的原因中，只有对健康的担忧会增加美发师离职的风险（RR 1.33；95% CI 1.16 - 1.52）。美发师（1）因哮喘或手部湿疹而不得不离职的风险是对照组的3.5倍，（2）因手腕或肘部劳损性损伤而离职的风险是对照组的2.7倍，（3）因颈部或肩部疾病而离职的风险是对照组的1.7倍。曾在生活中患过特应性疾病的美发师离职风险高出约20%。
患有特应性疾病、手部湿疹以及肘部和手腕劳损性损伤的美发师离职风险更高。需要采取积极的干预措施来维持他们的工作能力。职业健康服务中可用的工具包括：危害信息、工作条件优化、个人防护以及及时的医疗护理和康复。
