Melhorn J M
Department of Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, USA.
J Occup Environ Med. 1999 Feb;41(2):84-92. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199902000-00002.
Work-related musculoskeletal pain, commonly referred to more specifically as musculoskeletal disorders or cumulative trauma disorders, has continued to occur despite efforts by employers, employees, health care providers, and the government to eradicate it. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has encouraged employers to establish ergonomic prevention programs; however, many employers are concerned that screening, education, and focused attention on workplace pain will cause an increase in the number of OSHA 200 events and the incidence of workers' compensation claims. This prospective cohort study demonstrated that there was no increase in the number of OSHA 200 events and no increase in the incidence of workers' compensation claims after completion of an individual risk screening program that included education and employee awareness about work-related musculoskeletal pain. Incidence of cumulative trauma disorders has been most effectively reduced by use of individual risk-screening programs. Therefore, employers should be encouraged to develop and implement prevention programs that include individual risk screening.
尽管雇主、员工、医疗保健提供者和政府都在努力消除与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疼痛（通常更具体地称为肌肉骨骼疾病或累积性创伤疾病），但此类疼痛仍不断出现。美国国家职业安全与健康研究所鼓励雇主制定人体工程学预防计划；然而，许多雇主担心，对工作场所疼痛进行筛查、教育和重点关注会导致职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）200事件数量增加以及工伤赔偿索赔发生率上升。这项前瞻性队列研究表明，在完成一项包括教育和提高员工对与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疼痛认识的个人风险筛查计划后，OSHA 200事件数量没有增加，工伤赔偿索赔发生率也没有增加。通过使用个人风险筛查计划，累积性创伤疾病的发生率得到了最有效的降低。因此，应鼓励雇主制定和实施包括个人风险筛查的预防计划。
