Tejada-Simon M V, Ustunol Z, Pestka J J
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1224, USA.
J Food Prot. 1999 Feb;62(2):162-9. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-62.2.162.
Increasing numbers of functional foods and pharmaceutical preparations are being promoted with health claims based on the potential probiotic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria and on their capacity for stimulating the host immune system. However, the specific immune effects of oral administration of these microbes still remains undefined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that production of immunologic mediators by leukocytes in mice is affected by orally administered lactic acid bacteria. The specific objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of exposure to eight different lactic acid bacteria in mice on ex vivo cytokine and nitric oxide production in leukocyte cultures. Mice were gavaged with 1 X 10(9) viable bacteria and peritoneal, Peyer's patch and splenic leukocytes were isolated 8 h later. These were cultured for 2 or 5 days in the presence or absence of mitogens and then interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and nitric oxide production was measured. The results revealed that Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. casei potentiated IL-6 and IL-12 production by peritoneal cells whereas L. acidophilus upregulated IFN-gamma and nitric oxide. In contrast, L. helveticus, L. gasseri, L. reuteri, and Bifidobacterium attenuated the production of IL-6, IFN-gamma, and nitric oxide by peritoneal cells. TNF-alpha was not detectable in peritoneal cultures. None of the bacteria altered ex vivo production of cytokines or nitric oxide by Peyer's patch or spleen cell cultures. Taken together, the results suggest that prior oral exposure to lactic acid bacteria could differentially potentiate or attenuate subsequent cytokine and nitric oxide production by peritoneal cells.
越来越多的功能性食品和药物制剂以基于乳酸菌潜在益生菌特性及其刺激宿主免疫系统能力的健康声明进行推广。然而，口服这些微生物的具体免疫效果仍不明确。在本研究中，我们检验了口服乳酸菌会影响小鼠白细胞免疫介质产生的假说。本研究的具体目标是评估小鼠接触八种不同乳酸菌对白细胞培养物中细胞因子和一氧化氮体外产生的影响。给小鼠灌胃1×10⁹活细菌，8小时后分离腹膜、派尔集合淋巴结和脾脏白细胞。将这些细胞在有或无丝裂原的情况下培养2天或5天，然后测量白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-12、干扰素（IFN）-γ、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和一氧化氮的产生。结果显示，嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌增强了腹膜细胞IL-6和IL-12的产生，而嗜酸乳杆菌上调了IFN-γ和一氧化氮。相反，瑞士乳杆菌、加氏乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌和双歧杆菌减弱了腹膜细胞IL-6、IFN-γ和一氧化氮的产生。在腹膜培养物中未检测到TNF-α。没有一种细菌改变派尔集合淋巴结或脾细胞培养物中细胞因子或一氧化氮的体外产生。综上所述，结果表明预先口服乳酸菌可不同程度地增强或减弱腹膜细胞随后细胞因子和一氧化氮的产生。
