Mason M, Katz L
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1976 Dec;105(4):338-48. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.105.4.338.
Visual redundancy effects were investigated in two experiments using nonalphabetic material. Experiment 1 had adult subjects search for the presence or absence of a predetermined target symbol through single six-symbol linear arrays. Reaction times were significantly faster in both a distributional redundancy and a spatial redundancy condition than in a no-redundancy condition. Experiment 2 had good and poor sixth-grade readers serve in the no-redundancy and spatial redundancy conditions of Experment 1. Poor readers were equivalent to good readers in the no-redundancy condition but were significantly slower in the spatial redundancy condition. Thus, spatial redundancy was shown to be operative in single symbol search time in a paradigm that avoided confounding by higher order linguistic variables. The present experiments, in conjunction with prior findings that good and poor readers differ in letter search time by their ability to use spatial redundancy, suggest that processes involved in the component skill of letter identification cannot be considered trivial to the reading process.
在两项使用非字母材料的实验中研究了视觉冗余效应。实验1让成年受试者通过单个六个符号的线性阵列搜索预定目标符号的存在或不存在。在分布冗余和空间冗余条件下的反应时间都显著快于无冗余条件。实验2让六年级阅读能力强和弱的学生参与实验1的无冗余和空间冗余条件。阅读能力弱的学生在无冗余条件下与阅读能力强的学生相当，但在空间冗余条件下明显更慢。因此，在避免高阶语言变量混淆的范式中，空间冗余被证明在单个符号搜索时间中起作用。本实验与先前的研究结果相结合，即阅读能力强和弱的学生在字母搜索时间上因使用空间冗余的能力而有所不同，表明字母识别这一组成技能所涉及的过程对阅读过程而言并非微不足道。
