Van Hook J, Glick J E, Bean F D
Urban Institute, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Demography. 1999 Feb;36(1):111-20.
Differences between immigrant and native households in rates of welfare receipt depend on nativity differences in individual-level rates of receipt, in household size, in mean number of recipients in receiving households, and in household nativity composition. We present algebraic derivations of these relationships and use data from the 1990 and 1991 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine empirically the extent to which levels of welfare receipt for immigrants and natives are sensitive to the use of household-, family-, or individual-level units of analysis or presentation. The findings show that nativity differences are statistically significant only at the level of larger units. The results also indicate that if immigrants and natives had identical living arrangements, immigrants' household-level receipt of Supplemental Security Income would significantly exceed natives' receipt even more than it actually does, but the nativity difference in receipt of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) would reverse directions. Moreover, the level of AFDC receipt of immigrant households falls significantly below that of native households when native-born children living in households headed by immigrants are treated as if they were foreign born.
移民家庭与本地家庭在福利领取率上的差异取决于个人层面领取率、家庭规模、领取福利家庭中领取者的平均数量以及家庭出生构成方面的出生差异。我们给出了这些关系的代数推导，并使用1990年和1991年收入与项目参与调查的数据，以实证方式检验移民和本地人的福利领取水平对采用家庭、家庭或个人层面的分析或呈现单位的敏感程度。研究结果表明，出生差异仅在较大单位层面具有统计学意义。结果还表明，如果移民和本地人有相同的生活安排，移民家庭层面的补充保障收入领取将显著超过本地人，甚至比实际情况更甚，但在领取对有受抚养子女家庭的援助（AFDC）方面，出生差异会反转。此外，当将生活在移民户主家庭中的本土出生儿童视为外国出生时，移民家庭的AFDC领取水平显著低于本地家庭。
