Evers S, Dannert J, Rödding D, Rötter G, Ringelstein E B
Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany.
Brain. 1999 Jan;122 ( Pt 1):75-85. doi: 10.1093/brain/122.1.75.
The perception of music has been investigated by several neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods. Results from these studies suggest a right hemisphere dominance for non-musicians and a possible left hemisphere dominance for musicians. However, inconsistent results have been obtained, and not all variables have been controlled by the different methods. We performed a study with functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) of the middle cerebral artery to evaluate changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) during different periods of music perception. Twenty-four healthy right-handed subjects were enrolled and examined during rest and during listening to periods of music with predominant language, rhythm and harmony content. The gender, musical experience and mode of listening of the subjects were chosen as independent factors; the type of music was included as the variable in repeated measurements. We observed a significant increase of CBFV in the right hemisphere in non-musicians during harmony perception but not during rhythm perception; this effect was more pronounced in females. Language perception was lateralized to the left hemisphere in all subject groups. Musicians showed increased CBFV values in the left hemisphere which were independent of the type of stimulus, and background listeners showed increased CBFV values during harmony perception in the right hemisphere which were independent of their musical experience. The time taken to reach the peak of CBFV was significantly longer in non-musicians when compared with musicians during rhythm and harmony perception. Pulse rates were significantly decreased in non-musicians during harmony perception, probably due to a specific relaxation effect in this subgroup. The resistance index did not show any significant differences, suggesting only regional changes of small resistance vessels but not of large arteries. Our fTCD study confirms previous findings of right hemisphere lateralization for harmony perception in non-musicians. In addition, we showed that this effect is more pronounced in female subjects and in background listeners and that the lateralization is delayed in non-musicians compared with musicians for the perception of rhythm and harmony stimuli. Our data suggest that musicians and non-musicians have different strategies to lateralize musical stimuli, with a delayed but marked right hemisphere lateralization during harmony perception in non-musicians and an attentive mode of listening contributing to a left hemisphere lateralization in musicians.
已有多种神经生理学和神经影像学方法用于研究音乐感知。这些研究结果表明，非音乐家的音乐感知以右侧半球为主导，而音乐家可能以左侧半球为主导。然而，研究结果并不一致，且不同方法并未控制所有变量。我们进行了一项研究，采用经颅多普勒超声（fTCD）对大脑中动脉进行检测，以评估音乐感知不同阶段的脑血流速度（CBFV）变化。招募了24名健康右利手受试者，在静息状态以及聆听以语言、节奏和和声为主的音乐片段期间进行检查。将受试者的性别、音乐经历和聆听方式作为独立因素；音乐类型作为重复测量中的变量。我们观察到，非音乐家在和声感知期间右侧半球的CBFV显著增加，而在节奏感知期间则未增加；这种效应在女性中更为明显。所有受试者组的语言感知均定位于左侧半球。音乐家左侧半球的CBFV值增加，且与刺激类型无关；背景听众在右侧半球和声感知期间的CBFV值增加，且与他们的音乐经历无关。在节奏和和声感知期间，非音乐家达到CBFV峰值所需的时间比音乐家显著更长。非音乐家在和声感知期间脉搏率显著降低，这可能是该亚组中一种特定的放松效应所致。阻力指数未显示任何显著差异，表明仅小阻力血管存在局部变化，而大动脉未出现变化。我们的fTCD研究证实了先前关于非音乐家和声感知右侧半球偏侧化的研究结果。此外，我们还表明，这种效应在女性受试者和背景听众中更为明显，并且在节奏和和声刺激感知方面，非音乐家的偏侧化比音乐家延迟。我们的数据表明，音乐家和非音乐家在音乐刺激偏侧化方面采用了不同策略，非音乐家在和声感知期间右侧半球偏侧化延迟但明显，而专注的聆听模式促使音乐家左侧半球偏侧化。
