Banga A K, Bose S, Ghosh T K
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341-4155, USA.
Int J Pharm. 1999 Mar 1;179(1):1-19. doi: 10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00360-3.
The techniques of iontophoresis and electroporation can be used to enhance topical and transdermal drug delivery. Iontophoresis applies a small low voltage (typically 10 V or less) continuous constant current (typically 0.5 mA/cm2 or less) to push a charged drug into skin or other tissue. In contrast, electroporation applies a high voltage (typically, ?100 V) pulse for a very short (micros-ms) duration to permeabilize the skin. This electric assistance of drug delivery across skin will expand the scope of transdermal delivery to hydrophilic macromolecules such as the drugs of biotechnology. These two techniques differ in several aspects such as the mode of application and pathways of transport but can be used together for effective drug delivery. Iontophoresis is already used clinically in physical therapy clinics and is close to commercialization for development of a systemic delivery patch with miniaturized circuits and similar in overall size to a passive patch. The use of electroporation for drug delivery is relatively new and is being actively researched.
离子导入法和电穿孔技术可用于增强局部和经皮给药。离子导入法施加一个小的低电压（通常为10伏或更低）连续恒流（通常为0.5毫安/平方厘米或更低），将带电药物推入皮肤或其他组织。相比之下，电穿孔法施加高电压（通常为100伏）脉冲，持续时间非常短（微秒至毫秒），以使皮肤通透性增加。这种通过皮肤进行药物递送的电辅助方法将扩大经皮递送的范围，使其能够递送亲水性大分子，如生物技术药物。这两种技术在应用方式和运输途径等几个方面有所不同，但可以一起用于有效的药物递送。离子导入法已在物理治疗诊所临床使用，并且在开发具有小型化电路且总体尺寸与被动贴片相似的全身递送贴片方面已接近商业化。将电穿孔用于药物递送相对较新，并且正在积极研究中。
