Yoo Hyunjae, Lee Yun Hyeok, Lee Min-Gyu, Sun Jeong-Yun
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Chem Rev. 2025 Sep 24;125(18):8956-9011. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00245. Epub 2025 Sep 2.
Ionic circuits have emerged as a promising candidate to bridge the gap between biological and artificial systems by applying the mechanically compliant and adaptive nature of gels as ionic conductors. Gel-based ionic circuits exploit the intrinsic characteristics of ions, such as their mass, diversity, and local accumulation, to achieve selectivity, hysteresis, and chemical-electric signal transduction. Their dynamic and nonlinear behaviors not only emulate traditional solid-state electronic systems but also exhibit unique functionalities and operating mechanisms extending beyond established electronic paradigms. In this review, we categorize gel-based ionic circuits into four major functional classes: passive circuit elements, active circuit elements, power sources, and noncircuit elements. We comprehensively discuss the fundamental operating principles, materials strategies, and current challenges, eventually highlighting opportunities for future advancement in ionic devices.
离子电路已成为一种很有前途的候选者，通过利用凝胶作为离子导体的机械柔顺性和适应性，来弥合生物系统和人工系统之间的差距。基于凝胶的离子电路利用离子的固有特性，如它们的质量、多样性和局部积累，来实现选择性、滞后性以及化学-电信号转导。它们的动态和非线性行为不仅模仿传统的固态电子系统，还展现出超越既定电子范式的独特功能和运行机制。在这篇综述中，我们将基于凝胶的离子电路分为四大功能类别：无源电路元件、有源电路元件、电源和非电路元件。我们全面讨论了其基本工作原理、材料策略和当前面临的挑战，最终突出了离子器件未来发展的机遇。
