Chye J K, Lim C T
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Singapore Med J. 1998 Dec;39(12):551-6.
To examine the pattern of and the influence of some socio-demographic factors on infant milk feedings, and the protective role of breastfeeding against infections.
Mothers who breastfed their infants (exclusively or partially) at 6 weeks postpartum, and who had singleton pregnancies and healthy infants at birth, were interviewed when their infants had reached 6 months of age.
Of the 234 mothers studied, only 31 (13%) mothers were practising exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and 133 (57%) mothers were using exclusive infant formula feeding (EIF). Solid and semi-solid foods were introduced between 4 to 6 months of life in 89% of the infants. On logistic regression analysis, mothers who were in paid employment [OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15, 0.42] and not breast feeding at 6 weeks [OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19, 0.54] had decreased odds of EBF. Antenatal plans to breastfeed, breast-feeding difficulties, ethnicity, level of parental education, parental ages, fathers' income, primigravida status and infants' gender were not significant co-variates. In comparison, EIF was more likely in mothers who worked, practised mixed feedings at 6 weeks and of Chinese descent. There were no significant differences in the rates of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) or diarrhoeal illnesses between the infants who were or were not being breast-fed.
Most mothers were unable to breastfeed their infants exclusively in the recommended first 4 to 6 months of life. Complementary changes outside the hospital and maternity services are essential in improving breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding does not appear to confer significant protection to either URTI or gastrointestinal tract infections.
研究一些社会人口学因素对婴儿喂养模式的影响，以及母乳喂养对预防感染的保护作用。
对产后6周时纯母乳喂养或部分母乳喂养婴儿、单胎妊娠且婴儿出生时健康的母亲，在其婴儿满6个月时进行访谈。
在234名研究的母亲中，只有31名（13%）母亲进行纯母乳喂养（EBF），133名（57%）母亲采用纯婴儿配方奶喂养（EIF）。89%的婴儿在4至6个月大时开始添加固体和半固体食物。经逻辑回归分析，有带薪工作的母亲[比值比（OR）0.25，95%置信区间（CI）0.15，0.42]和产后6周时未进行母乳喂养的母亲[OR 0.32，95% CI 0.19，0.54]纯母乳喂养的几率降低。产前母乳喂养计划、母乳喂养困难、种族、父母教育水平、父母年龄、父亲收入、初产妇状况和婴儿性别不是显著的协变量。相比之下，有工作、产后6周进行混合喂养且为华裔的母亲更有可能采用EIF。母乳喂养和未母乳喂养的婴儿在上呼吸道感染（URTI）或腹泻疾病的发生率上没有显著差异。
大多数母亲在婴儿出生后的前4至6个月无法纯母乳喂养。在医院和产科服务之外进行补充性改变对于提高母乳喂养率至关重要。母乳喂养似乎并未对上呼吸道感染或胃肠道感染提供显著保护。
