Pratt J, Abrams R A
Department of Psychology, Washington University, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1999 Feb;25(1):229-42. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.25.1.229.
Although inhibition of return is known to affect a wide range of detection tasks, it has not been found consistently in discrimination tasks. To examine this issue, 5 experiments were conducted in which participants discriminated between a visual target and a distractor. The responses were not inhibited if, before the onset of stimuli, attention had been overtly oriented (i.e., an eye movement was made) to the future target location and the stimulus at that location was the same symbol as the upcoming target. However, if attention was covertly oriented (i.e., no eye movement was made) to the future location of the target, or if the stimulus at the earlier attended location was a symbol different from the target, responses to the target were inhibited. Overall, the findings provide insights into the relation between movements of attention and discrimination judgments and support the notion that inhibition of return is an attentional phenomenon.
尽管已知返回抑制会影响广泛的检测任务，但在辨别任务中却并未始终如一地发现该现象。为了研究这个问题，进行了5项实验，实验中参与者要辨别视觉目标和干扰物。如果在刺激开始之前，注意力已经明显地定向（即进行了眼动）到未来的目标位置，并且该位置的刺激与即将出现的目标是相同的符号，那么反应就不会受到抑制。然而，如果注意力是隐蔽地定向（即没有进行眼动）到目标的未来位置，或者如果早期关注位置的刺激是与目标不同的符号，那么对目标的反应就会受到抑制。总体而言，这些发现为注意力的转移与辨别判断之间的关系提供了见解，并支持了返回抑制是一种注意力现象的观点。
