Ghebrekidan H, Rudén U, Cox S, Wahren B, Grandien M
Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Microbiology and Tumour Biology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
J Clin Virol. 1999 Jan;12(1):53-64. doi: 10.1016/s0928-0197(98)00064-6.
Herpesviruses establish latent infections in their hosts for life. The scarcity of data that exists in regard to herpesvirus infections in many African regions, could partly be due to the mild nature of their primary infections and the lack of means for their proper diagnosis. However, in recent decades the alarming spread of HIV infection in Africa and associated frequent reactivation of herpesvirus infections is leaving less room for neglect. This seroprevalence study is intended to help in the evaluation of the prevalence of herpesvirus infections in Eritrea.
To evaluate the spread of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections.
The study population groups comprise female sex workers (FSW), former guerrilla fighters, truck drivers, port workers, a tribe called Rashaida, pregnant women, children under 5 years of age, and children over 5 years of age. The groups of pregnant women and children under and over 5 years of age were included to form a background for the evaluation of groups considered at risk for sexually transmitted or blood borne infections.
All study groups had a high seroprevalence of HSV-1 infections ( > 80%), except for the children under 5 years of age. The FSW had the highest prevalence of HSV-2 infections, 80%, followed by guerrilla fighters, truck drivers, port workers, pregnant women, children, and the Rashaidas. Positivity for antibodies against CMV was > 90% in all studied populations. The prevalence of VZV infections was surprisingly low in the tribe of Rashaida, 44% compared to more than 90% in the other adult groups tested for VZV (P = 0.0001).
The study shows that the prevalence of HSV-2 in the risk group of FSW was high, which could partly be explained by their sexual behaviours. HSV-2 was particularly low in the Rashaida group and, as expected, in the children. The low prevalence of VZV observed in the Rashaida is of importance since it makes them vulnerable to infection with varicella during their inevitable integration with the other tribes in their society.
疱疹病毒可在其宿主中建立终身潜伏感染。许多非洲地区关于疱疹病毒感染的数据稀缺，部分原因可能是其初次感染症状较轻，且缺乏适当的诊断手段。然而，近几十年来，非洲地区艾滋病毒感染的惊人传播以及相关疱疹病毒感染的频繁再激活，使得这一问题不容忽视。这项血清学患病率研究旨在帮助评估厄立特里亚疱疹病毒感染的患病率。
评估1型和2型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-1和HSV-2）、巨细胞病毒（CMV）和水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）感染的传播情况。
研究人群包括女性性工作者、前游击队员（参战人员）、卡车司机、港口工人、一个名为拉沙伊达的部落、孕妇、5岁以下儿童和5岁以上儿童。纳入孕妇以及5岁以下和5岁以上儿童组，以便为评估有性传播或血源感染风险的人群提供背景数据。
除5岁以下儿童外，所有研究组的HSV-1感染血清阳性率都很高（>80%）。女性性工作者的HSV-2感染率最高，为80%，其次是游击队员、卡车司机、港口工人、孕妇、儿童和拉沙伊达部落。所有研究人群中抗CMV抗体的阳性率>90%。拉沙伊达部落的VZV感染率出奇地低，为44%，而其他接受VZV检测的成年组感染率超过90%（P = 0.0001）。
该研究表明，女性性工作者这一风险群体中HSV-2的感染率很高，这部分可以通过她们的性行为来解释。HSV-2在拉沙伊达部落以及儿童中的感染率特别低。在拉沙伊达部落中观察到的VZV低感染率很重要，因为这使得他们在与社会中的其他部落不可避免地融合过程中易感染水痘。
