Kaufman Herbert E, Azcuy Ann M, Varnell Emily D, Sloop Gregory D, Thompson Hilary W, Hill James M
Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Eye Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Jan;46(1):241-7. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-0614.
To assess the frequency of shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA in tears and saliva of asymptomatic individuals.
Fifty subjects without signs of ocular herpetic disease participated. Serum samples from all subjects were tested for HSV IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for HSV-1 by neutralization assay. HSV-1 DNA copy number and frequency of shedding were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of tear and saliva samples collected twice daily for 30 consecutive days.
Thirty-seven (74%) of the 50 subjects were positive for HSV IgG by ELISA. The percentages of positive eye and mouth swabs were approximately equivalent: 33.5% (941/2806) and 37.5% (1020/2723), respectively. However, the percentage of samples with high HSV-1 genome copy numbers was greater in saliva than in tears, which may have been a result of the sample volume collected. Shedding frequency in tears was nearly the same in men (347/1003; 34.6%) and women (594/1705; 34.8%); in saliva, men had a higher frequency of shedding (457/1009; 45.3% vs. 563/1703; 33.1%, men versus women). Overall, 49 (98%) of 50 subjects shed HSV-1 DNA at least once during the course of the 30-day study.
The percentage of asymptomatic subjects who intermittently shed HSV-1 DNA in tears or saliva was higher than the percentage of subjects with positive ELISA or neutralization antibodies to HSV. Because most HSV transmission occurs during asymptomatic shedding, further knowledge of the prevalence of HSV-1 DNA in tears and saliva is warranted to control its spread. Shedding is simple to study, and its suppression may be an efficient way to evaluate new antivirals in humans.
评估无症状个体泪液和唾液中单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）DNA的脱落频率。
五十名无眼部疱疹疾病体征的受试者参与研究。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测所有受试者血清样本中的HSV IgG抗体，并通过中和试验检测HSV-1。通过对连续30天每天采集两次的泪液和唾液样本进行实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析，确定HSV-1 DNA拷贝数和脱落频率。
50名受试者中有三十七名（74%）通过ELISA检测HSV IgG呈阳性。眼部和口腔拭子阳性百分比大致相当：分别为33.5%（941/2806）和37.5%（1020/2723）。然而，唾液中HSV-1基因组拷贝数高的样本百分比高于泪液，这可能是由于采集的样本量不同所致。男性泪液中的脱落频率（347/1003；34.6%）与女性（594/1705；34.8%）几乎相同；在唾液中，男性的脱落频率更高（457/1009；45.3% 对比563/1703；33.1%，男性对女性）。总体而言，在为期30天的研究过程中，50名受试者中有49名（98%）至少有一次脱落HSV-1 DNA。
无症状受试者在泪液或唾液中间歇性脱落HSV-1 DNA的百分比高于ELISA或HSV中和抗体阳性的受试者百分比。由于大多数HSV传播发生在无症状脱落期间，因此有必要进一步了解泪液和唾液中HSV-1 DNA的流行情况以控制其传播。脱落情况易于研究，抑制其脱落可能是评估人类新型抗病毒药物的有效方法。
