Augustsson K, Skog K, Jägerstad M, Dickman P W, Steineck G
Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lancet. 1999 Feb 27;353(9154):703-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)06099-1.
Heterocyclic amines formed in cooked meat and fish are carcinogenic in animal models and form DNA adducts in human beings. We undertook a study to assess whether these substances are related to the risks of cancer in the large bowel and urinary tract.
In a population-based case-control study, cases were identified from the Swedish cancer registry. Controls were randomly selected from the population register. Information on intake of various foods and nutrients was assessed by questionnaire, with photographs of foods cooked at various temperatures. We measured the content of heterocyclic amines in foods cooked under these conditions.
Information was retrieved from 553 controls, 352 cases of colon cancer, 249 cases of rectal cancer, 273 cases of bladder cancer, and 138 cases of kidney cancer. The response rate was 80% for controls and 70% for cases. The estimated daily median intake of heterocyclic amines was 77 ng for controls, and 66 ng, 63 ng, 96 ng, and 84 ng for cases with cancer of the colon, rectum, bladder, and kidney, respectively. The relative risk for the intake of heterocyclic amines (highest vs lowest quintile) was 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-1.0) for colon cancer, 0.7 (0.4-1.1) for rectal cancer, 1.2 (0.7-2.1) for bladder cancer, and 1.0 (0.5-1.9) for kidney cancer. Seven cases, but no controls, had an estimated daily intake of heterocyclic amines above 1900 ng.
Intake of heterocyclic amines, within the usual dietary range in this study population, is unlikely to increase the incidence of cancer in the colon, rectum, bladder, or kidney. For daily intakes above 1900 ng, our data are consistent with human carcinogenicity, but the precision was extremely low.
熟肉和鱼中形成的杂环胺在动物模型中具有致癌性，并在人体内形成DNA加合物。我们开展了一项研究，以评估这些物质是否与结直肠癌和泌尿系统癌症风险相关。
在一项基于人群的病例对照研究中，病例来自瑞典癌症登记处。对照从人口登记册中随机选取。通过问卷调查评估各种食物和营养素的摄入量，并配有不同温度烹饪食物的照片。我们测量了在这些条件下烹饪的食物中杂环胺的含量。
从553名对照、352例结肠癌患者、249例直肠癌患者、273例膀胱癌患者和138例肾癌患者中获取了信息。对照的应答率为80%，病例的应答率为70%。杂环胺的估计每日摄入量中位数，对照为77纳克，结肠癌、直肠癌、膀胱癌和肾癌患者分别为66纳克、63纳克、96纳克和84纳克。杂环胺摄入量（最高五分位数与最低五分位数相比）的相对风险，结肠癌为0.6（95%可信区间0.4 - 1.0），直肠癌为0.7（0.4 - 1.1），膀胱癌为1.2（0.7 - 2.1），肾癌为1.0（0.5 - 1.9）。7例病例（但无对照）的杂环胺估计每日摄入量高于1900纳克。
在本研究人群的通常饮食范围内，杂环胺的摄入不太可能增加结肠癌、直肠癌、膀胱癌或肾癌的发病率。对于每日摄入量高于1900纳克的情况，我们的数据与人类致癌性一致，但精确度极低。
