Treves A, Naughton-Treves L
Dept. of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI, 53706-1696, USA.
J Hum Evol. 1999 Mar;36(3):275-82. doi: 10.1006/jhev.1998.0268.
Models of Plio-Pleistocene hominid behavioral ecology often emphasize competition with large carnivores. This paper describes competition between modern humans and large carnivores in rural Uganda, including active, confrontational scavenging of carnivore kills by humans and carnivore attacks on humans. Information gathered from Ugandan Game Department archives (1923-1994) reveals that twentieth-century agropastoralists regularly tried to scavenge from leopard (Panthera pardus) and lion (Panthera leo) kills, and that these large carnivores have preyed on hundreds of humans in Uganda over the past several decades. Men were most often targets of carnivore attack, particularly while engaged in hunting-related activities. However attacks on men were less often lethal than attacks on women and children. Analyses show that lion attacks were more dangerous than leopard attacks. These data support recent contentions that hominids armed with even simple weapons can succeed in active, confrontational scavenging by chasing carnivores from kills. Hominids sharing East African habitats with large carnivores may have been regularly subject to attack.
上新世-更新世人类行为生态学模型常常强调与大型食肉动物的竞争。本文描述了现代人类与乌干达农村地区大型食肉动物之间的竞争，包括人类对食肉动物捕杀猎物的主动、对抗性抢夺以及食肉动物对人类的攻击。从乌干达野生动物保护部门档案（1923年至1994年）收集的信息显示，20世纪的农牧民经常试图从豹（豹属）和狮子（狮属）的捕杀中抢夺猎物，并且在过去几十年里，这些大型食肉动物在乌干达捕食了数百人。男性最常成为食肉动物攻击的目标，尤其是在从事与狩猎相关活动时。然而，对男性的攻击致死率低于对女性和儿童的攻击。分析表明，狮子攻击比豹攻击更危险。这些数据支持了最近的观点，即即使配备简单武器的原始人类也能够通过从捕杀现场驱赶食肉动物，成功地进行主动、对抗性抢夺。与大型食肉动物共享东非栖息地的原始人类可能经常受到攻击。
