Baum A, Posluszny D M
University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 1999;50:137-63. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.137.
Our evolving understanding of how psychosocial and behavioral factors affect health and disease processes has been marked by investigation of specific relationships and mechanisms underlying them. Stress and other emotional responses are components of complex interactions of genetic, physiological, behavioral, and environmental factors that affect the body's ability to remain or become healthy or to resist or overcome disease. Regulated by nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, and exerting powerful influence on other bodily systems and key health-relevant behaviors, stress and emotion appear to have important implications for the initiation or progression of cancer, HIV, cardiovascular disease, and other illnesses. Health-enhancing and health-impairing behaviors, including diet, exercise, tobacco use, and protection from the sun, can compromise or benefit health and are directed by a number of influences as well. Finally, health behaviors related to being ill or trying to avoid disease or its severest consequences are important. Seeking care and adhering to medical regimens and recommendations for disease surveillance allow for earlier identification of health threats and more effective treatment. Evidence that biobehavioral factors are linked to health in integrated, complex ways continues to mount, and knowledge of these influences has implications for medical outcomes and health care practice.
我们对心理社会和行为因素如何影响健康与疾病过程的理解不断演变，其特点是对这些因素背后的特定关系和机制进行研究。压力和其他情绪反应是遗传、生理、行为和环境因素复杂相互作用的组成部分，这些因素会影响身体保持或恢复健康、抵抗或战胜疾病的能力。压力和情绪受神经、内分泌和免疫系统调节，并对身体的其他系统以及与健康相关的关键行为产生强大影响，它们似乎对癌症、艾滋病毒、心血管疾病和其他疾病的发生或发展具有重要意义。包括饮食、运动、吸烟和防晒在内的促进健康和损害健康的行为，可能会损害或有益于健康，并且也受到多种因素的影响。最后，与患病或试图避免疾病及其最严重后果相关的健康行为也很重要。寻求医疗护理并遵守医疗方案以及疾病监测建议，有助于更早地发现健康威胁并进行更有效的治疗。生物行为因素以综合、复杂的方式与健康相关的证据不断增加，对这些影响的了解对医疗结果和医疗实践具有重要意义。
