Felton G, Parsons M A, Ward D S, Pate R R, Saunders R P, Dowda M, Trost S
College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 1999 Feb;16(1):32-40. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1446.1999.00032.x.
This study examined the maintenance of positive health behavior (avoidance of alcohol use and cigarette smoking) and factors associated with the maintenance of these behaviors from fifth through seventh grade by a cohort of rural students (N = 232). African American and White students showed similar patterns of high avoidance of alcohol until seventh grade. Although more girls avoided use than boys, avoidance decreased in both groups with progression in grade. Mothers', fathers', and best friends' drinking behaviors influenced avoidance behavior; drinking was less likely to occur among those whose parents and friends did not drink. Friends' drinking behavior influenced alcohol use as early as fifth grade. Smoking avoidance was maintained by 74% of the students over the 3 years. Although there were no racial differences in smoking, African Americans started smoking about 1 year earlier than Whites. During seventh grade, an increase in smoking occurred among boys and girls, but was particularly striking among girls. Avoidance of smoking was influenced by mothers' behavior but not fathers'. Best friends' smoking behavior exerted a major influence on avoidance between grades 6 and 7. In grades 5 and 6, those who avoided smoking were more physically active than smokers, but by seventh grade their physical activity declined to a similar level as smokers. Rural adolescent boys seemed to be at early risk for alcohol use and smoking, while rural girls delayed involvement by 1 to 2 years. Communities, schools, and families can help adolescents avoid alcohol use and smoking through early prevention efforts.
本研究调查了一组农村学生（N = 232）从五年级到七年级积极健康行为（避免饮酒和吸烟）的维持情况以及与这些行为维持相关的因素。非裔美国学生和白人学生在七年级之前表现出相似的高戒酒模式。虽然避免饮酒的女生比男生多，但随着年级的升高，两组的戒酒情况都有所下降。母亲、父亲和最好朋友的饮酒行为会影响戒酒行为；父母和朋友不饮酒的人饮酒的可能性较小。朋友的饮酒行为早在五年级就会影响饮酒情况。74%的学生在三年中保持了戒烟行为。虽然在吸烟方面没有种族差异，但非裔美国人开始吸烟的时间比白人早约一年。在七年级时，男生和女生的吸烟率都有所上升，但在女生中尤为明显。戒烟受到母亲行为的影响，但不受父亲行为的影响。最好朋友的吸烟行为在六年级到七年级之间对戒烟有重大影响。在五年级和六年级，戒烟的学生比吸烟的学生身体更活跃，但到七年级时，他们的身体活动水平下降到与吸烟者相似的水平。农村青少年男孩似乎在饮酒和吸烟方面面临早期风险，而农村女孩则推迟1至2年涉足这些行为。社区、学校和家庭可以通过早期预防措施帮助青少年避免饮酒和吸烟。
