Laamanen R, Broms U, Häppölä A, Brommels M
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Public Health Nurs. 1999 Feb;16(1):60-71. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1446.1999.00060.x.
This article describes how the policy to emphasize noninstitutional care is reflected in home care service strategies and work characteristics as well as the work motivation of home care staff in Finland. The data were gathered through a questionnaire answered by 312 employees in home care services and 22 social welfare and primary health care administrators. The methods of analysis used were cross-tabulations, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis. According to the results, institutional care had been reduced too fast and home care services had not been developed sufficiently. Most of the staff reported that their work had changed considerably. Although their work had become more interesting and more independent, over one third of the employees felt that the pressure of work had become unbearable and their responsibility was too heavy. The views of the home care staff differed from those of the administrators regarding the change strategies that had been carried out. The majority of the staff were moderately or highly motivated. Thirty-four percent of the variance of work motivation was explained mainly by work characteristics. More attention should be paid to the development of home care services before institutional care is reduced. Training the staff and informing them about the planned reform should not be neglected.
本文描述了强调非机构护理的政策如何体现在芬兰家庭护理服务策略、工作特点以及家庭护理人员的工作动机中。数据通过对312名家庭护理服务员工和22名社会福利及初级卫生保健管理人员的问卷调查收集。所使用的分析方法包括交叉表分析、单因素方差分析和回归分析。结果显示，机构护理减少过快，家庭护理服务发展不足。大多数员工表示他们的工作发生了很大变化。尽管工作变得更有趣、更独立，但超过三分之一的员工认为工作压力变得难以承受，责任过重。在已实施的变革策略方面，家庭护理人员的观点与管理人员不同。大多数员工积极性中等或较高。工作动机差异的34%主要由工作特点来解释。在减少机构护理之前，应更加关注家庭护理服务的发展。培训员工并让他们了解计划中的改革不容忽视。
