Adams Joost, Verbeek Hilde, Zwakhalen Sandra M G
Research Assistant, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care and Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Assistant Professor, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care and Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2017 Jan;49(1):54-62. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12271.
The shift in nursing home care for patients with dementia from traditional task-driven environments towards patient-centered small-scale environments has implications for nursing practice. Information about its implications for nursing staff is lacking, and only a few studies have addressed staff perceptions. We sought to explore staff perceptions of required skills and to determine differences in job satisfaction, motivation, and job characteristics of staff working in both care settings.
A secondary data analysis was conducted. The data source used was drawn from a larger study testing the effects of small-scale living (Verbeek et al., 2009).
Nursing staff working on a permanent basis and who were directly involved in care were eligible to participate in the study. Data on job satisfaction, motivation, and job characteristics of nursing staff working in typical small-scale and traditional care environments were derived using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Differences between nursing staff job satisfaction, motivation, and job characteristics were tested using multilinear regression analysis.
In total, 138 staff members were included (81 staff members working in traditional nursing home wards and 57 staff members working in small-scale nursing home wards). The findings showed that in typical small-scale nursing homes, job satisfaction and job motivation were significantly higher compared to those in typical traditional nursing homes. Job autonomy and social support were also significantly higher, while job demands were significantly lower in these small-scale nursing homes. Social support was found to be the most significant predictor of job motivation and job satisfaction in both types of typical nursing homes. Nursing staff working in traditional care environments more often expressed the intention to switch to small-scale environments.
Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that nursing homes environments differ substantially in experienced job satisfaction and job motivation.
To enable a balanced work environment for nursing staff, a clear understanding of the relation between living environments and experienced job satisfaction among nursing staff is required. Since social support seems to be one of the key contributors to a supportive beneficial work climate, managers should focus on enabling this in daily nursing home care.
养老院中痴呆患者护理模式从传统的任务驱动型环境向以患者为中心的小规模环境转变，这对护理实践产生了影响。目前缺乏关于其对护理人员影响的信息，仅有少数研究探讨了工作人员的看法。我们试图探究工作人员对所需技能的看法，并确定在这两种护理环境中工作的人员在工作满意度、动机和工作特征方面的差异。
进行二次数据分析。所使用的数据源来自一项规模更大的研究，该研究测试了小规模生活的效果（Verbeek等人，2009年）。
长期从事护理工作且直接参与护理的人员有资格参与本研究。通过问卷调查获取在典型小规模和传统护理环境中工作的护理人员的工作满意度、动机和工作特征数据。使用描述性统计分析数据。使用多元线性回归分析测试护理人员工作满意度、动机和工作特征之间的差异。
总共纳入了138名工作人员（81名在传统养老院病房工作，57名在小规模养老院病房工作）。结果表明，在典型的小规模养老院中，工作满意度和工作动机显著高于典型的传统养老院。工作自主性和社会支持也显著更高，而这些小规模养老院中的工作要求显著更低。在两种类型的典型养老院中，社会支持被发现是工作动机和工作满意度的最显著预测因素。在传统护理环境中工作的护理人员更常表达转向小规模环境的意愿。
基于本研究结果，可以得出结论，养老院环境在工作满意度和工作动机方面存在显著差异。
为了为护理人员营造一个平衡的工作环境，需要清楚了解生活环境与护理人员工作满意度之间的关系。由于社会支持似乎是支持性有益工作氛围的关键因素之一，管理人员应在日常养老院护理中注重营造这种氛围。
