Bachmann G A
Department of Obstetrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0017, USA.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Mar;180(3 Pt 2):S308-11. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70724-6.
The hormonal effects of estrogen and androgen were first investigated at the beginning of the twentieth century. Estrogen, which was first synthesized in the 1920s, has been shown to improve menopausal symptoms, decrease the incidence of osteoporosis, have a beneficial impact on plasma lipid profiles, probably reduce ischemic cardiovascular disease, and possibly improve cognition. In addition, retrospective studies have found a decreased incidence of Alzheimer's disease among women receiving estrogen replacement therapy compared with those not receiving this form of postmenopausal therapy. Androgen has been written about in the medical literature since 1936, when Mocquot and Moricard described its use to relieve vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. During the 1940s and 1950s numerous reports appeared in the literature describing the effectiveness of estrogen-androgen combination therapy for improving the overall feeling of well-being, energy level, libido, and quality of life for postmenopausal women. Recent studies have also shown estrogen-androgen therapy to contribute to the prevention of osteoporosis and reduce serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Both historical data and evolving data support further evaluation of the use of estrogen-androgen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
雌激素和雄激素的激素作用在20世纪初首次得到研究。雌激素于20世纪20年代首次合成，已被证明可改善更年期症状、降低骨质疏松症的发病率、对血脂谱有有益影响、可能降低缺血性心血管疾病的风险，并可能改善认知能力。此外，回顾性研究发现，接受雌激素替代疗法的女性患阿尔茨海默病的发病率低于未接受这种绝经后疗法的女性。自1936年莫科和莫里卡尔描述用雄激素缓解绝经后女性的血管舒缩症状以来，医学文献中就有关于雄激素的记载。在20世纪40年代和50年代，文献中出现了大量报告，描述了雌激素 - 雄激素联合疗法在改善绝经后女性的整体幸福感、能量水平、性欲和生活质量方面的有效性。最近的研究还表明，雌激素 - 雄激素疗法有助于预防骨质疏松症，并降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的水平。历史数据和不断发展的数据都支持对绝经后女性使用雌激素 - 雄激素替代疗法进行进一步评估。
