Bachmann G A
Department of Obstetrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0017, USA.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Mar;180(3 Pt 2):S312-6. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70725-8.
Vasomotor symptoms after menopause are multifactorial in origin but result primarily from the loss of estrogen as ovarian function ceases. Although hot flushes typically last for 0.5 to 5.0 years after natural menopause, they may persist for as long as 15 years in a small percentage of postmenopausal women. In contrast, hot flushes tend to last longer and be more severe in surgically menopausal women. One of the major complaints associated with vasomotor symptoms is insomnia, which can have a domino effect on the patient's overall quality of life. Conventional hormone replacement therapy is effective in controlling vasomotor symptoms, including insomnia, for most postmenopausal women. However, data suggest that estrogen-androgen replacement therapy provides additional relief for women with persistent or severe vasomotor symptoms, especially women scheduled to undergo surgical menopause.
绝经后的血管舒缩症状病因是多方面的，但主要是由于卵巢功能停止后雌激素缺乏所致。虽然潮热通常在自然绝经后持续0.5至5.0年，但在一小部分绝经后女性中，潮热可能会持续长达15年。相比之下，手术绝经的女性潮热往往持续时间更长且更严重。与血管舒缩症状相关的主要主诉之一是失眠，这会对患者的整体生活质量产生多米诺骨牌效应。对于大多数绝经后女性，传统的激素替代疗法在控制包括失眠在内的血管舒缩症状方面是有效的。然而，数据表明，雌激素 - 雄激素替代疗法能为有持续性或严重血管舒缩症状的女性提供额外的缓解，尤其是计划接受手术绝经的女性。
