Bogarín G, Romero M, Rojas G, Lutsch C, Casadamont M, Lang J, Otero R, Gutiérrez J M
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José.
Toxicon. 1999 Mar;37(3):551-7. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00193-7.
A monospecific Bothrops lanceolatus antivenom, currently used in Martinique, was tested for its efficacy in the neutralization of several toxic and enzymatic activities of the venoms of B. lanceolatus, B. atrox and B. asper. When tested by the i.p. route in mice, B. lanceolatus venom had an LD50 of 12.8 microg/g. In addition, it induced local tissue damage (hemorrhage, edema and myotoxicity) and showed indirect hemolytic activity, but was devoid of coagulant effect on human plasma in vitro and of defibrinating activity in mice. Antivenom was fully effective in the neutralization of lethal, hemorrhagic, edema-forming, myotoxic and indirect hemolytic effects of B. lanceolatus venom in assays involving preincubation of venom and antivenom. When tested against the venoms of B. asper and B. atrox, the antivenom completely neutralized the lethal, hemorrhagic, myotoxic and indirect hemolytic effects, and was partially effective in neutralizing edema-forming activity. In contrast, the antivenom was ineffective in the neutralization of in vitro coagulant and in vivo defibrinating effects induced by these two venoms.
目前在马提尼克岛使用的一种单特异性矛头蝮抗蛇毒血清，针对其对矛头蝮、矛头蝮属（B. atrox）和矛头蝮属（B. asper）蛇毒的多种毒性和酶活性的中和效果进行了测试。通过腹腔注射途径在小鼠身上进行测试时，矛头蝮蛇毒的半数致死量（LD50）为12.8微克/克。此外，它会引起局部组织损伤（出血、水肿和肌毒性），并表现出间接溶血活性，但在体外对人血浆没有凝血作用，在小鼠体内也没有去纤维蛋白活性。在涉及毒液和抗蛇毒血清预温育的试验中，抗蛇毒血清能完全中和矛头蝮蛇毒的致死、出血、形成水肿、肌毒性和间接溶血作用。当针对矛头蝮属（B. asper）和矛头蝮属（B. atrox）的蛇毒进行测试时，抗蛇毒血清完全中和了致死、出血、肌毒性和间接溶血作用，并且在中和形成水肿的活性方面部分有效。相比之下，抗蛇毒血清在中和这两种蛇毒诱导的体外凝血和体内去纤维蛋白作用方面无效。
