Picolo G, Chacur M, Gutiérrez J M, Teixeira C F P, Cury Y
Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2002 Oct;35(10):1221-8. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002001000016. Epub 2002 Oct 13.
Neutralization of hyperalgesia induced by Bothrops jararaca and B. asper venoms was studied in rats using bothropic antivenom produced at Instituto Butantan (AVIB, 1 ml neutralizes 5 mg B. jararaca venom) and polyvalent antivenom produced at Instituto Clodomiro Picado (AVCP, 1 ml neutralizes 2.5 mg B. aspar venom). The intraplantar injection of B. jararaca and B. asper venoms caused hyperalgesia, which peaked 1 and 2 h after injection, respectively. Both venoms also induced edema with a similar time course. When neutralization assays involving the independent injection of venom and antivenom were performed, the hyperalgesia induced by B. jararaca venom was neutralized only when bothropic antivenom was administered iv 15 min before venom injection, whereas edema was neutralized when antivenom was injected 15 min or immediately before venom injection. On the other hand, polyvalent antivenom did not interfere with hyperalgesia or edema induced by B. asper venom, even when administered prior to envenomation. The lack of neutralization of hyperalgesia and edema induced by B. asper venom is not attributable to the absence of neutralizing antibodies in the antivenom, since neutralization was achieved in assays involving preincubation of venom and antivenom. Cross-neutralization of AVCP or AVIB against B. jararaca and B. asper venoms, respectively, was also evaluated. Only bothropic antivenom partially neutralized hyperalgesia induced by B. asper venom in preincubation experiments. The present data suggest that hyperalgesia and edema induced by Bothrops venoms are poorly neutralized by commercial antivenoms even when antibodies are administered immediately after envenomation.
在大鼠中研究了用布坦坦研究所生产的双价抗蛇毒血清（AVIB，1 ml可中和5 mg矛头蝮蛇毒）和克洛多米罗·皮卡多研究所生产的多价抗蛇毒血清（AVCP，1 ml可中和2.5 mg墨西哥矛头蝮蛇毒）对由矛头蝮蛇和墨西哥矛头蝮蛇毒液诱导的痛觉过敏的中和作用。足底注射矛头蝮蛇和墨西哥矛头蝮蛇毒液可引起痛觉过敏，分别在注射后1小时和2小时达到峰值。两种毒液还诱导了具有相似时间进程的水肿。当进行涉及独立注射毒液和抗蛇毒血清的中和试验时，仅在毒液注射前15分钟静脉注射双价抗蛇毒血清时，矛头蝮蛇毒液诱导的痛觉过敏才被中和，而当抗蛇毒血清在毒液注射前15分钟或立即注射时，水肿被中和。另一方面，即使在中毒前给予多价抗蛇毒血清，其也不干扰墨西哥矛头蝮蛇毒液诱导的痛觉过敏或水肿。墨西哥矛头蝮蛇毒液诱导的痛觉过敏和水肿缺乏中和作用并非归因于抗蛇毒血清中缺乏中和抗体，因为在涉及毒液和抗蛇毒血清预孵育的试验中实现了中和。还评估了AVCP或AVIB分别对矛头蝮蛇和墨西哥矛头蝮蛇毒液的交叉中和作用。在预孵育实验中，只有双价抗蛇毒血清部分中和了墨西哥矛头蝮蛇毒液诱导的痛觉过敏。目前的数据表明，即使在中毒后立即给予抗体，商业抗蛇毒血清对矛头蝮蛇毒液诱导的痛觉过敏和水肿的中和作用也很差。
