Meyer F U
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Operations, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany.
Ann Anat. 1999 Jan;181(1):105-6. doi: 10.1016/S0940-9602(99)80110-1.
Anatomical descriptions usually include only the average topographical relationships, but the anatomical structures particularly in the head region display great variability. This is one of the essential causes underlying side effects and complications of local dental anesthesia. In examinations of intravascular needle placement in over 6000 local anesthetic injections in the jaws, positive blood aspiration occurred most frequently (5.8%) at the mandibular foramen. The close proximity to the cerebral vessels explains the frequency of severe side effects. Anatomical studies on the course of the maxillary artery and its branches as well as the course of the nerve demonstrate that unexpected anatomical constellations can lead to both anesthetic failure and dramatic side effects.
解剖学描述通常仅包括平均的局部解剖关系，但解剖结构，尤其是头部区域的结构，存在很大的变异性。这是局部牙科麻醉出现副作用和并发症的重要原因之一。在对上颌超过6000次局部麻醉注射的血管内针头放置情况进行的检查中，在下颌孔处出现回血的情况最为常见（5.8%）。与脑血管距离较近解释了严重副作用发生的频率。对上颌动脉及其分支的走行以及神经走行的解剖学研究表明，意外的解剖结构组合可能导致麻醉失败和严重的副作用。
