Psychological and social adjustment after pediatric liver transplantation as a function of age at surgery and of time elapsed since transplantation.

The study assessed psychological and social adjustment to pediatric liver transplantation in 101 patients aged 4-16 years who had undergone transplantation 2-10 years earlier. Each parent completed the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) independently and answered a transplantation questionnaire assessing psychosocial issues. Most children scored within the normal range for both parts of the CBCL (i.e. Behavioral Problems and Social Competences). The impact of age at transplantation and of time elapsed since transplantation were examined. Earlier transplantation was associated with subsequent higher scores for Aggressive Behavior and Sex Problems, with lower scores for Activities and Competences, and with more parental anxiety concerning their child's health. The longer the time elapsed since transplantation, the more mothers rated high levels on the Somatic complaints, Anxiety/depression, Competence, and Social activity CBCL scales for their child. Parents reported talking more about the transplantation with their children with increasing time following transplantation. This suggests that transplantation remains an important event even after long periods of time from the transplant event. Finally, despite the difficulties encountered, more than 80% of the parents considered the transplantation had been beneficial to their child.