Ahmann E
Pediatr Nurs. 1998 Nov-Dec;24(6):554-6.
Informing parents of the diagnosis of a chronic illness or disability in their child can be a difficult task. At the same time it is critical that the informing is done well. Two studies examining parental reactions to the "informing interview" (Krahn, Hallum, & Kime, 1993; Garwick, Patterson, Bennett, & Blum, 1995) support the conventional considerations that both parents, in a two-parent family, should be together when told of their child's diagnosis; parents should be informed early on; simple, direct language without medical jargon should be used; and the informing professional should be both empathetic and supportive of parental emotional expression. These studies raise additional considerations including the importance of meeting with parents in person, informing parents in a private setting, pointing out the child's strengths as well as limitations, and individualizing both the communication style and information shared. Cross cultural considerations, while not addressed in either of these studies, require attention to language interpretation, meaning assigned to the diagnosis, and potentially differing treatment preferences. In all cases, nurses should evaluate the effectiveness of the informing interview in relation to the family's affective and information needs. Each of these considerations should be part of the process of an informing interview.
告知家长其孩子患有慢性疾病或残疾是一项艰巨的任务。与此同时，做好告知工作至关重要。两项研究探讨了家长对“告知面谈”的反应（克拉恩、哈勒姆和基姆，1993年；加里克、帕特森、贝内特和布卢姆，1995年），支持了一些传统观点，即在双亲家庭中，告知孩子的诊断结果时父母双方都应在场；应尽早告知家长；应使用简单、直接且无医学术语的语言；告知的专业人员应富有同情心并支持家长表达情感。这些研究还提出了其他需要考虑的因素，包括亲自与家长见面的重要性、在私密环境中告知家长、指出孩子的优点和局限性，以及使沟通方式和所分享的信息个性化。跨文化因素在这两项研究中均未涉及，但需要关注语言翻译、对诊断的理解以及潜在的不同治疗偏好。在所有情况下，护士都应根据家庭的情感和信息需求评估告知面谈的效果。这些因素都应成为告知面谈过程的一部分。
